Knowing-how And Knowing-to Reconsidered

Since Ryle proposed the concept Knowing-how and treated is as an independent type of knowledge,the concept Knowing-how soon become a hot topic among scholars.Some scholars admit that Knowing-how is an independent type of knowledge,but they think Knowing-how and Knowing-that do not exhaust all the types of knowledge and thus propose new types of knowledge.The Knowing-to that Huang Yong uses to interpret Wang Yangming’s liangzhi and the Knowing-to(act in the moment)that Karyn Lai and Stephen Hetherington use to categorize the knowledge in Analects are typical new types of knowledge beyond Knowing-how.The concept Knowing-how originated from oral English,but this notion,once come into philosophical area,would be a terminology.Some scholars,even those who agree with Ryle,do not have a complete comprehension of this notion’s rich implications.Thus,it is still an important work to,basing on Ryle’s text,reveal this concept’s multiple implications.Through analyzing the examples that Karyn Lai and Stephen Hetherington use to illustrate the importance of Knowing-to(act in the moment),we will discover that the explanatory power of Knowing-to(act in the moment)is not beyond Knowing-how.Then,why are Hetherington and Karyn Lai so fond of this concept? By checking their understanding of Knowing-how,we find out that some significant elements of Knowing-how are lost and that their misunderstanding of Knowing-how leads them to seek for another type of knowledge.Thus,after recover the complete implications of Knowing-how,we conclude that Knowing-to(act in the moment)is an internal element of Knowing-how,rather than an independent type of knowledge beyond Knowing-how.