The "Two China" Policy Of The Ikeda Hayato Cabinet (1960-1964)

This article takes the "two Chinas" policy of the Japanese Ikeda Hayato Cabinet as the research object.On July 19,1960,Ikeda Hayato came to power to form a cabinet to replace Kishi Nobusuke who stepped down due to "security struggle".While stabilizing the domestic political situation and repairing the US-Japan relations,Ikeda Hayato,as a protege of Ji Tianmao,began to solve the already troubled China problem.The issue of China refers to the conclusion of the Peace Treaty between the Republic of China and Japan(hereinafter referred to as the "Japan-Taiwan Peace Treaty")between Japan and Taiwan authorities in April 1952,which marks the formal recognition by the Japanese government of the Taiwan authorities as the legitimate government representing the whole of China.Since then,Japan and the Chinese government,which has effectively ruled the Chinese mainland,have fallen into an abnormal relationship between "legal principle" and "reality".In the 1950 s,China and Japan,which could not really ignore each other,established a non-governmental contact outside the official channels through "non-governmental trade".However,after the Nagasaki flag incident in 1958,this connection was interrupted by the intensification of the dispute between the two sides over "divisible politics and economy" and "inseparable politics and economy".Different from Japan's intention to develop trade relations with China only through this form,China wants to expand the non-governmental exchanges between China and Japan through the way of "promoting officials through the people",thus expanding the pressure on Japan's non-governmental level for the government to establish diplomatic relations with China.In Ikeda's cabinet period,in order to deal with China's problem,which has already been bogged down in the mud,the "two Chinas" policy was actually adopted.The "two Chinas" policy in Ikeda's cabinet period is based on the contents of the "Japan's China Policy" document made by Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs on March 17,1961.This article attributes it to the premise of preserving Taiwan's independent status,seeking to persuade the Taiwan authorities through the international community,especially the United States,to give up their claim to sovereignty over the mainland of China,so that after Taiwan loses its status as China,it can establish formal diplomatic relations with the mainland without sacrificing Japan-Taiwan relations,and develop actual relations with the mainland of China more actively before reaching this goal.