A Study On The Urbanization Of American Indians After The Second World War(1945-1980)

American Indian urbanization went through the following process.Before the Second World War there were certain manifestations of Indians entering cities;Urbanization began during the Second World War,accelerated in the 1950 s and 1960 s,and achieved in the 1980 s.In the 19 th century,Indians were constantly driven and moved.With the establishment of reservation system,Indians were continuously driven into reservations and isolated by the mainstream society.With the enactment of the Dawes Act,the Indians gradually lost their land,and the Indians began to try to move out of the reservation and enter the urban life.Meanwhile,the education policy implemented at the same time provided the Indians with conditions to understand the urban society.In the early years after the Second World War,the Indians,who had served in combat and logistics during the Second World War,wanted to stay in the cities after the war ended.The federal government's relocation policies in the early 1950 s drove large numbers of Indians to the cities.As rlocation's people increased,the Public Law 959 was enacted in 1956 to provide vocational training for Indians.Later,vocational training became part of the relocation process and helped the Indians gain a foothold in the cities.In the period of self-determination,Indians began to seek national self-determination through the baptism of civil rights movement and multi-culture and consciousness awakening.At the same time,Indians were becoming more urbanized,and by 1980,more than half of them were living in cities.The Introduction introduces the research background and problems,which briefly summarizes the American urbanization,Indian history and the performance of Indian urbanization;Time off limit setting of this paper;The domestic and foreign research achievements are reviewed and summarized.Besides the introduction and conclution,the text consists of four parts.The first part is the definition of urbanization by domestic and foreign scholars.Limited native American urbanization to a ratio;This paper points out the factors and characteristics of the initiation of Indian urbanization before the Second World War.The second part describes the three stages of Indian urbanization after the Second World War(early postwar period,reocation period and self-determination period),and analyzes the factors affecting Indian urbanization.At the same time,some new characteristics of Indian urbanization are discussed after 1980.The third part discusses how the Indians adjust to the city life.With the improvement of economy and living standard after entering the cities,the Indians are also faced with many challenges brought by urban life.What is the opinion of the urban Indians? Urban Indians' changes in income,housing conditions,employment rate,education,etc.compared vertically with pre-urbanization,horizontally with reservation Indians,and even with other ethnic groups.The fourth part mainly discusses the impact of urbanization on Indian civilization.First is the family concept,the life style change;Secondly,the loss of traditional language and culture;Finally,changes in family structure,intermarriage,and decreased blood quantums;The epilogue summarizes the urbanization of American Indian.