A Study On The Construction Of Gubeikou In The Early Qing Dynasty

Because of its important geographic location and military strategic significance,as well as the important channels of contacts and trade with the frontier,the mouth of the Great Wall has always been the object of scholars’ attention and research.However,as the throat of the Qing Dynasty’s Jingshi to Inner Mongolia and Northeast China,Gubeikou has attracted considerable attention.Gubeikou is the Great Wall fortress between Shanhaiguan and Juyongguan,which has always been a place for military strategists to contend for.As the key of Jingkou,during the unification of Qing Dynasty,the military system of Gubeikou,the establishment of post stations,and the political and economic functions had changed obviously.In the first year of Shunzhi(1644),the Qing Army entered the Customs,that is,eight flag troops were stationed at the gates of the Great Wall,which began the history of the Qing Dynasty’s rule of the whole country.However,the new regime still faces threats from all sides.In the twenty-seventh year of Kangxi(1688),Gardan invaded Kalkha in Mongolia,which had been attached to the Qing Dynasty,and the northern frontier of the Qing Dynasty was threatened.The Qing Dynasty dispatched troops to quell the rebellion in Gubeikou formany times.In order to ensure the needs of front-line operations,a general officer was set up in Gubeikou.Later,the governor of Gubeikou was established.In the first year of Yongzheng,the officer-in-chief was replaced by the governor-in-chief,and the governor of Zhili was stationed in Gubeikou.In the Qing-Quan War,in order to facilitate the transmission of information and the transportation of strategic materials,a post station was set up in Gubeikou.After the end of the war,in order to better connect with Inner Mongolia,the post station along the road from Gubeikou to Uzhumuqin was enriched and perfected.The management of Gubeikou Outer Station and Inner Station belong to two systems,but the two systems are not entirely distinct.The economic function of Gubeikou was embodied in the early Qing Dynasty,and the supervision of Gubeikou was established in the early Qing Dynasty.However,with the development of frontier trade in the Qing Dynasty,the economic function of Gubeikou became weaker and weaker,and the tax amount declined continuously,so that in the end,there were only less than one hundred and two,and the status of tax officers also declined continuously.During the Qianlong period,with the rapid increase of immigrant population,the political function of Gubeikou was greatly improved.In 1767,the Gubeikou Governor was established to be a member of the board of directors,who was in charge of the civil affairs of the flag.Exploring the military,post,political and economic aspects of Gubeikou will help us better sort out the development of Gubeikou in the early stage,which is also the significance of this study,in order to enrich the understanding of Gubeikou.The study of Gubeikou is not only helpful to supplement the content of the study of the Great Wall Pass,but also helpful to understand the changes of the system of the Great Wall Pass in the Qing Dynasty,so as to further understand the map of the system construction of the Qing Dynasty and promote the study of the system history of the Qing Dynasty.