The Phenomenon Of Liuzhong Of The Northern Song Dynasty

liuzhong means that the "emperor" has kept the minister's reports left.There have been phenomena of liuzhong in the past dynasties.In the Northern Song Dynasty,those reports have three cases: the normal operation on the reports,the emperor left the reports in anytime and the minister begged to left.The Minister has basically no objection to the liuzhong in the regulations.However,the minister held a different attitude towards the liuzhong of emperor's decision.Some ministers are resentful,and some ministers agree.The reason for the frequent occurrence of the phenomenon of liuzhong may be the emperor's inaction in administration.What's more,the deeper reason is the intervention of human factors in the process of the operation of the political system.At the same time,it is also the product of the conflict between the emperor and the minister's idea of governance in the northern song dynasty.There are advantages and disadvantages of liuzhong.The drawbacks of the liuzhong are that it makes the emperor's decision unclear,ministers attack each other,and some ministers even forge documents to falsely accuse others.The advantage of liuzhong is that it can also serve as a buffer zone when the political opinions of emperors and ministers differ,and it is also a measure to preserve the outspoken ministers.In the northern song dynasty,there was a phenomenon of liuzhong in almost every emperor period.But the specific situation of each dynasty is different,among which the zhezong period had the most characteristics.The phenomenon of liuzhong was closely related to the development of the political situation at that time.During the zhezong period,the number,types and characteristics of the zouyi were various.The emperor often used liuzhong flexibly to deal with complicated government affairs.In addition,during the reign of zhezong,some literary activities became the source for later ministers to attack political enemies with words.Furthermore,these events have had a profound impact on the political orientation of the late Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty.