A Study On Kant's Deduction Of Categorical Imperative

In the study of Kant's moral philosophy,the deduction of categorical imperative has always been a hot issue that has been discussed repeatedly,and it also reflects Kant's core thoughts on freedom,so it has very important research value and significance.Based on Kant's original text and researchers' research results at home and abroad,this paper discusses the important problems in the deduction of categorical imperative.However,the research in this paper is not a restatement of these existing research results.Compared with these research results,this paper has two adjustments in the overall thinking: first,the deduction of categorical imperative is not only seen as the deduction of moral law,but also as the deduction of freedom.The second is to change the understanding of the deduction of categorical imperative from the theoretical perspective to the practical perspective.It is under the guidance of this changed way of thought that this paper draws a different conclusion from the previous research results in the study of the important issue of the deduction of categorical imperative.According to the order of Kant's argumentation,this paper is divided into four parts.In the first part,the author thinks that Kant turned to the moral problem after the theoretical philosophy and put forward that deterministic order is not his subjective choice,but his concern for freedom makes him change his research direction.That is Kant intends to save freedom from the necessity of nature and to solve the relationship between freedom and necessity.The only way out of this problem is Kant's “the Copernican Revolution”on freedom.In order to change freedom from the object of previous theoretical understanding to practical activities,and to get rid of any external perceptual rules,pure practical necessity unifies absolute necessity with absolute spontaneity.Therefore,categorical imperative are essentially the embodiment of freedom,which is the result of Kant's "Copernican Revolution" on freedom.Therefore,the interpretation of the deduction of categorical imperative must begin with freedom.At the same time,based on this understanding,this paper also interprets FA,FH and FNL as the content of the concept of freedom,which has abstract to concrete process,and regards FUL as the unity of the three formulas.Determining it as the dominant formula for categorical imperative.In the second part,this paper first points out that the deduction of categorical imperative falls into a circle,because Kant wants to give practical freedom to the person who is the Being of limited reason,so there is a deduction from moral law to freedom.And the previous inferencefrom freedom to moral law constitutes a circle.Then,on the basis of many researchers' views on the circle,this paper puts forward that the freedom and the moral law are consistent in content,so that the so-called "circle" is actually tautology.Therefore,to prove the reality of freedom,we can no longer start from a theoretical perspective,but to change the perspective of practice,and Kant's solution to this problem is ultimately to resort to our internal experience of duty.Thus realizing that we are the Being of the double world,indirectly proving the reality of practical freedom.In the third part,through the analysis of the existing research results,this paper clarifies the subject and predicate of categorical imperative and determines the subject as will and the predicate as universal maxim.Then this paper points out that the reason why people must act out of moral law is that our self-consciousness is possible only through reason.Therefore,although man is a dual being,he is essentially a rational being.It is this that constitutes the necessity of moral law.Finally,on the basis of the researchers' comprehensive view,this paper further points out that the third thing of categorical imperative is free will,thus accomplishing the deduction of categorical imperative.In the fourth part,the author points out that the reality of freedom is different from that of nature by analyzing the last section of the deduction of categorical imperative.It is not an objective reality but a practical reality and subjective necessity.Therefore,the goal of reality of freedom is the latter,not the former.At the same time,Kant's goal of establishing reality of freedom can be said to have reached.Therefore,the deduction of categorical imperative can be regarded as successful.The blame for the failure of the deduction of categorical imperative is to confuse the reality of freedom with the reality of nature.Using the latter to measures the former.After that,this paper analyzes the deduction in “critique of practical reason”,and points out that this deduction is included in the deduction of categorical imperative in “Groundwork”.The reason that Kant puts forward this deduction again is that his goal is to explain the possibility of moral practice rather than to analyze it theoretically in “critique of practical reason”.So he sets out not from freedom but from the " fact of reason" of duty.