The Stolypin's Idea Of Nation Supremacy And Its Practice

At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century,with the development of Russian society,the decadent autocratic system of the tsarism caused dissatisfaction,the revolutionary movement in Russia rose,and the failure of Russia in the Russo-Japanese War exacerbated social conflicts.When the Tsar faced a ruling crisis,he appointed strong figure-Stolypin,as the Prime Minister.When working in provinces,Stolypin has accumulated a wealth of work experience and he has gradually formed hin own idea of nation supremacy.He believed that the interest of the country is most important,so first of all,he should make the society stable and restore the order of the country,so he calmed down the revolution with powerful measures.And then reform the country,he formulated a set of national reform plans,trying to reintegrate the Russian society which is about to fall apart with the interest of country.This article mainly introduces Stolypin's idea of nation supremacy and its practice.First of all,it elaborates the social background and ideological origin of Stolypin's idea of nation supremacy,and then explains its practice of the idea of the nation supremacy,including political and economic and other reforming plans,which include education and military reform plans.The first chapter mainly introduces the social background of the Stolypin's idea of nation supremacy.Compared with developed countries,economic foundation of Russia was aweak.The tsarist autocracy system seriously hindered economic development.At the beginning of the 20th century,another economic crisis took place.The economic downturn has intensified the political turbulence.Frequent uprisings have been carried out around the country.The people request for a reform of the tsarist autocracy.And the fiasco in the Russo-Japanese War has further aggravated domestic conflicts.The occurrence of the "bleeding Sunday" incident in 1905 directly led to the revolution in Russia in 1905,and the situation in Russia further deteriorated.The demand for change has become a consensus in Russian society.In order to quell the revolution and stabilize the situation,Nicholas ? was forced to sign an October Seal and establish the Duma.The second chapter mainly introduces the ideological origin of Stolypin's idea of nation supremacy.The origin of Russia's "nation" thought came from Peter the Great.Before he became a tsar,theocracy had been supremacy in Russia,the tsar was serving God,and Peter the Great transformed Russia into a secular country,then claimed that "the country is supreme".The tsars after Peter the Great,either Catherine II or Alexander II did not inherit the national thought.Until Stolypin became the Prime Minister of the Cabinet,he united factions witn the "nation" to stabilize the country and carry out reforms.The third chapter mainly introduces Stolypin's idea of nation supremacy and his political reform plans.Stolypin believed that the stable order is the core interest of the country,the government has the obligation to stabilize the country's order.After he took office,he used iron fists to calm down the revolution and stabilize social order.Later,he actively cooperated with the Duma,made the reform in steady progress.In order to strengthen the central government's control over localities he launched local political reform plans,the reform has caused the greatest shock to the conservative forces of the Tsar.On the problem of who can represent the country,it was clear that Stolypin himself was unpersuasive.The fourth chapter mainly introduces Stolypin's idea of nation supremacy and economic reform plans.Compared with some European and American countries,Russia at the beginning of the 20th century was relatively backward.The people at a low living standard,especially the peasants,had a poverty life,and this did not meet the fundamental interest of the country.Based on German reforms,Stolypin launched agrarian reform plans to break the Russian traditional village community system,cultivate a group of rich peasants,and try to cultivate a certain number of middle classes in Russia because the middle class plays an important role in maintaining national stability.In addition,in order to strengthen ties with Siberia and the border areas,and maintain the security of the countrys' borders,the Stolypin government organized large-scale immigration campaigns to support the construction of the railway to the border areas.The fifth chapter mainly introduces Stolypin's idea of nation supremacy and other reform plans.Mainly introduces the educational reform plans and the navy reform plans.Because education is of great significance to the development of the future in a country.The Stolypin government has introduced reform programs such as building more elementary school and training teachers and so on,which has greatly promoted the development of Russian educations patriotism,and it further consolidated and strengthened education's responsibility as a government obligation.In addition,the Russo-Japanese War has hit the strength of the Russian Navy and also exposed the problems of the Russian Navy.The Navy is concerned with national defense.Stolypin actively supported the construction of warships,to restore the strength of the Russian Navy,enhance Russian maritime strength,which was the fundament to safeguarding national security.The conclusion sums up the connotation of Stolypin's idea of nation and explains the significance and value of Stolypin's idea of nation supremacy and its practice.