| In recent years,the prevalence rate of autism spectrum disorders has risen sharply,which has aroused wide concern and attention in the society.The core characteristics of autism are social disorder.Many researchers believe that social disorder is caused by a defect in theory of mind of children with autism.Theory of mind is a theoretical explanation of complex cognitive abilities,which enables us to infer their cognitive and emotional states from other people's attitudes,so as to predict and interpret their behavior.This research through the experimental method for older children with autism to conduct the thorough research to the development of false belief understanding ability,emotion recognition ability and advanced theory of mind,enrich and develop the related research,at the same time test two component model of theory of mind and explore its developing features:One is the cognitive(explicit)theory of mind,which focuses on the cognitive state,beliefs,thoughts,and other people's intentions.The second is emotional(implicit)theory of mind,which focuses on emotional state,mood or other feelings.Therefore,this study has important theoretical and practical significance.In this study,30 children with autism were tested in the experimental group,and 30 children with normal development were tested in the control group.Results:(1)children with autism have significantly lagged behind normal children in the development of false belief task,emotional identification task and advanced theory of mind ability;(2)4 years old normally developing children can pass false belief task,and only part of the older autistic children can pass;(3)the normally developing children's scored on the emotional identification task is significantly higher than the autistic children,showing a strong ability of facial expression recognition;(4)the advanced theory of mind ability of normally developing children is developing to the transitional mental capacity,and the advanced theory of mind of elder children with autism has not been developed;(5)the false belief task and advanced theory of mind tasks measuring content belongs to cognitive theory of mind,emotional recognition and false belief task and advanced theory of mind tasks have no significant correlation,namely the measurement content belongs to emotional theory of mind ability,verified the two elements theory of theory of mind;(6)age has no significant effect on the performance of normally developing children and autistic children in different theory of mind tasks.The explicit theory of mind changes with age,and the implicit theory of mind is not changes with age.(7)language ability has a significant influence on the performance of autistic children in the task of false belief,and has no significant effect on the performance of normally developing children in different theory of mind. |
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