The Evolution Of British Foreign Policy Toward Egypt In 19 Century

The enactment and implementation of British foreign policy toward Near East was a close relation with Egypt in 19 century.Egypt,a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire,was located on an important strategic area among Asia?Europe and Africa.In order to maintain the strategic balance between the Mediterranean and the Near East,and to ensure the safe navigation of Britain to India and the East,Britain gradually formed a policy of “taking the benefits of fishing” from the late 18 th century to the 1940 s.This policy has the following characteristics: First,it adheres to the Ottoman Empire's sovereignty over Egypt,opposes Egypt's independence and expansion;second,it opposes the expansion of any European country in Egypt to ensure and strengthen the security of the road to the East India.This policy is the result of Britain's containment of European powers,mainly to contain France's expansion in the Near East of Egypt.In the second half of the 19 th century,due to the need for France to expand to the East,attempts to control Egypt by the construction of the Suez Canal,the interests and profits of the British Empire in Egypt were challenged,and the international pattern of the Near East changed.Under the new situation,Britain has been unable to adhere to the policy of “taking the benefits of fishermen” and is not in the overall interests of the British Empire.In 1846,the Suez Canal was proposed.By 1882,the British occupied Egypt.The British from maintaining Turkey's sovereignty over Egypt,directly interfering with Egypt's internal affairs,buying share from the Suez Canal,to the British-French “dual control” of Egypt,from the “European Cabinet”.The establishment of the troops to occupy Egypt,the British policy on Egypt has undergone significant changes,and its dominance in Egypt has been established.Although Britain adjusted its policy toward Egypt several times in the 19 th century,the essence of Britain's safeguarding its interests in the Empire has not changed.At the same time,the British policy toward Egypt is not isolated.Its formation and its evolution reflect the struggle and collusion between the powers in the Near East and North Africa,and are intertwined with the competition in the Near East and complex international issues.The British-Egyptian policy is part of the UK's Near East policy to a certain extent,serving the security principles of maintaining the eastern territories of India.The history of the evolution of the British policy toward Egypt in the 19 th century also fully proved that the general principles and characteristics of foreign relations "have no eternal friends,only eternal interests."...