| Mankind is a social organism that needs to be closely connected with others.Empathy helps to create and maintain this social connection by understanding,sharing and responding appropriately to the emotional state of others.Previous studies on empathy have mostly focused on negative empathy.The process of empathy is relatively easy to identify and perceive.However,in daily life,it is more difficult to identify emotional states,such as seeing a person crying or laughing,unless one understands the origin of the matter,he can not share it well.Teenagers are in a special period of individual development.The rapid development of their bodies and the relative backwardness of their psychology contrasts greatly with the film city,which has caused the problems of learning,life and interpersonal communication,such as rebellion,bullying,disgust and so on.It has always been the focus of researchers.This study contains two experiments,trying to explore the empathy characteristics of aggressive adolescents in different situations and the role of situational information in empathy by setting four different empathy situations(physical pain,social pain,social pleasure,neutral situation).In study 1,60 eighth-grade junior middle school students in a school in Nanchang were tested by using a mixed experimental design of two factors(situational information: no,yes)*4(empathic situation: physical pain,social pain,social pleasure,neutrality,).The differences of empathy levels among individuals in physical pain,social pain and social pleasure were explored,and the emotions were further explored.Context information plays an important role in empathy.The results showed that the main effect of empathy situation was significant in the accuracy rate,and the subjects were significantly reduced in body pain,social pain,social happiness and neutral situation in turn;the main effect of situational information was significant,and the accuracy rate of empathy under situational information condition was significantly higher than that without situational information condition;the interaction between empathy situation and situational information was not significant;and the interaction between empathy situation and situational information was not significant in response time.The main effect was significant,and the respondents' response time in neutral situation,social pain,social happiness and physical pain decreased in turn;the main effect of situational information was significant,and the respondents' response time under situational information was significantly more than that without situational information;the interaction between empathic situation and situational information was not significant.The second study used the Direct and Indirect Attack Scale(DIAS)and Class Dramatic Nomination Questionnaire(CPQ)to test 563 students from 6 classes of Grade 7 and 8 in a school in Nanchang and 5 classes of Grade 8 in a school in Nanchang.The direct,relational and normal adolescents were screened out.This study explored the empathic characteristics of aggressive adolescents in different situations by using a mixed experimental design of three factors(aggressive type:non-aggressive,physical aggression,relational aggression,)*4(empathic situation:physical pain,social pain,social pleasure,neutral situation).The results showed that the main effect of empathy situation was significant,and the correct rate of empathy in social pain,physical pain,social pleasure and neutral situation decreased significantly in turn;the main effect of aggression type was significant,and the correct rate of empathy of physical aggressor,relational aggressor and non-aggressor increased significantly in turn;the interaction between empathy situation and aggression type was significant,and social pleasure was significant.In the three situations of social pain and physical pain,there was no significant difference between physical aggression and relational aggressor,and both of them were significantly lower than non-aggressor.In the neutral situation,there was no significant difference between the three types.It shows that social distress situation is easier and more accurate to identify than physical pain situation,and negative emotions are easier and more accurate to identify than positive emotions.There is no significant difference in the accuracy of empathy between physical aggressors and relationship aggressors in physical pain,social distress and social pleasure situations,and they are worse than the general population.In response time,the main effect of empathy situation was significant.The subjects' empathy reaction time in social pain,neutral situation,social pleasure and physical pain situation decreased significantly in turn;the main effect of aggression type was not significant;the interaction between empathy situation and aggression type was significant.In social pleasure and social pain situation,the empathy reaction time of relational aggressor,physical aggressor and non-aggressor was significant.In the physical pain situation,the empathy reaction time of physical attackers was significantly higher than that of non-attackers,and there was no significant difference between them.In the neutral situation,the empathy reaction time of physical attackers,relational attackers and non-attackers had nosignificant difference.It shows that social pain situations need more cognitive processing than physical pain situations,and negative emotions need more cognitive processing than positive emotions.There was no significant difference between relational aggressors and physical aggressors in physical pain situations,but there was significant difference in social situations(social pleasure and social pain).Compared with physical aggressors,relational aggressors spent more time understanding the situation and cognitive processing.Based on the above studies,it is concluded that:1.Adding relevant information to empathic situations helps to improve the accuracy of empathy.Situational information can improve the level of empathy of individuals.2.Among the three types of empathy(situations),positive empathy is the most difficult(the accuracy of empathy is the lowest in social pleasure),social pain empathy is the second,and physical pain empathy is the simplest.3.Although there is no difference in the accuracy of empathy between physical attackers and relational attackers in three situations of physical pain,social pain and social pleasure,and they are all worse than non-attackers,the accuracy of empathy in relational attackers is significantly higher than that in physical attackers in terms of the main effect.Thus,the empathy ability of relational attackers may be higher than that of physical attackers.4.All subjects responded significantly longer to both social situations(social pain and social pleasure)than to physical pain.Relational aggressors' response time to empathy in two social situations was significantly longer than that of physical aggressors.Relational attackers may have more cognitive processing of social situations.5.This may suggest that the two types of attackers have both common weaknesses and different expressions of empathy. |
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