A Study Of The Supreme Good Thought From The Perspective Of Kant's Moral Philosophy

As a representative of the enlightenment movement and the initiator of the German classical philosophy,Kant's philosophy has a great influence on the philosophy circle.And moral philosophy also plays an important role in Kant's whole system.At present,with the steady development of our society,people's material standard of living has been significantly improved.Many people excessively pursue the enjoyment of material life and sensory satisfaction,but ignore the role of morality and spirit,and fall into the mistake of money worship and hedonism.Now,many scholars are aware of this problem,they think that in the current situation,it is very necessary to mention morality again.In this way,the study of moral philosophy in China presents a more and more prosperous situation.This paper attempts to study Kant's theory of the supreme good from the perspective of moral philosophy,based on the relevant texts of Practical Rational Criticism,in combination with Kant's the Critique of Pure Reason,the Critique of Judgment,and works on historical philosophy and religion.This paper is divided into four chapters.Chapter 1 mainly introduces the traditional theory of the supreme good that Kant criticizes.Kant's criticism of the traditional good theory contains two aspects,one is as good as entities and the decision of the will,according to the theory of involved in the ancient Greek Plato,Aristotle,Augustine and Thomas Aquinas' s,the supreme good theory,the other is a criticism against the stoics and Epicurus school will confuse good theory of virtue and happiness.Finally,Kant's criticism of the theory of the supreme good is introduced.Chapter 2 mainly introduces the theory of Kant's supreme good compared with the traditional good theory,the characteristics of traditional good theory from the supreme good,emphasize the supreme good as transcendental entity moral decision,god's infinite freedom decision limited free will,Kant,on the contrary,starting from the free will of man to explain and deduction to be good.He objected to regarding the supreme good as the determinate basis of the will,and held that the supreme good was only the external object of practical reason.This affirms that freedom is the foundation of the understanding of the supreme good.Chapter 3 mainly introduces the basic provisions of Kant's concept of the supreme good.Kant's perfection is the unity of virtue and happiness,including the two meanings of the highest virtue and the matching of virtue and happiness.According to Kant,in the real world,the highest virtue cannot be realized,and virtue and happiness cannot be combined.However,since the supreme good is the object of practical reason and comes from the nature of practical reason,the two must be combined,which leads to contradiction.The solution to the contradiction is to distinguish the noumenal realm from the phenomenal realm.According to Kant,only when the noumenal realm is reached can the highest virtue and the perfect matching of virtue and happiness be possible,which leads to the postulate about the soul and god.Chapter 4 mainly introduces the common good as an ethical community.The supreme good is finally understood by Kant as a complete social ideal.As an ideal society,the perfection of the "ethical community" can be said to be the realistic perfection that Kant wants and the realization of the perfection.