From "Perceptual Intuition" To "Perceptual Activity"

After the death of Hegel,the Hegelian school represented by him collapsed rapidly.How to face the Hegelian philosophical legacy has become a common topic for German philosophers.Young Hegelians played a very important role in the criticism of Hegel's philosophy.The young Hegelians carried out a critical line from religion to philosophy,from art to politics by criticizing and inheriting their teachers' philosophical heritage.In this common subject,the critique of spiritism and the understanding of the real world and human nature are the most important and urgent tasks for Marx and Feuerbach.Feuerbach,taking "theology descending to humanism" as his philosophical task and "perceptual intuition" as his principle,criticized Hegel's philosophy with "inversion" as its core and established the idea of perceptual humanism.Marx's critical attitude towards Feuerbach's Hegelian philosophy is twofold: on the one hand,Marx thinks that Feuerbach has completed the reversal of Hegel's philosophy as speculative theology,and that Feuerbach has touched on the ontological basis of Hegel's philosophy in a certain sense.Therefore,Marx affirms Feuerbach's great historical achievement and Feuerbach's ontological foundation of new philosophy with "human relations" and perceptual certainty.On the other hand,Marx thinks that Hegel's philosophy and its dialectics are more profound than Feuerbach's philosophy.Feuerbach does not see the critical and revolutionary elements in Hegel's dialectics.Marx holds that the non-critical movement form of Hegel's system contains revolutionary and critical elements,namely the principle of negative activities.Starting from the philosophical principle of "Perceptual Activity",Marx criticizes the ontological foundation of Hegel's philosophy which takes "Spiritual Activity" as its philosophical principle and cleans up Feuerbach's philosophy which takes "Perceptual Intuition" as its explanatory principle.Marx realized the theoretical reform in the history of philosophy through the development of Feuerbach and Hegel's philosophy and the historical and revolutionary solution to the theoretical problems at that time,and provided the philosophical foundation for the communist movement and the realistic revolution.