| Illusion has been used to reveal our recognition process by researchers all the time.This research idea was the same in the self-body recognition field,namely using some kind of illusion phenomenon appeared in the process of self-body recognition to reveal self-body recognition process.Among the rest,rubber hand illusion phenomenon was the main representation.Cognitive psychologist Matthew Botvinick and Jonathan Cohen published a paper named "Rubber hands ‘feel' touch that eyes see" in 1998 on Nature,and they reported rubber hand illusion in the first place.From then on,this mysterious phenomenon captured intensive attention of many philosophers,mental philosophers,psychologists,cognitive scientists,and cognitive neuroscientists.Rubber hand illusion happened in the process of self-body recognition induced by specific condition.It means subjects could recognize a simulated "rubber hand" mold placed in front of the body as the real hand,and acquire a strong sense of ownership towards the rubber hand.As a new research paradigm of physical self-body recognition,rubber hand illusion provides us a new research angle and idea to understand body recognition and it is important for revealing process of self-body recognition.However,we should notice that rubber hand illusion researches have two main problems,one is the representational tendency in recognition process,the other is the lack of body function.The fundamental reason of these two problems is the representational body epistemology in the perspective of cognition which is the basic argument in the perspective of cognition.This perspective forms based on computer metaphor which means using computing method to understand human's recognition process and building a comprehensive recognition mechanism to explore human's recognition process.It is the main characteristic of the representational body epistemology,and also an inevitable trend to understand recognition process in the perspective of cognition.Besides,the lack of body function in representational body epistemology exists for a long time.The essence of this problem is a kind of "objectification" problem,and what is hidden behind this "objectification" problem is the dilemma of cognitive vision into the "body and mind dualism." Though the perspective of cognition realizes it recent years and tries to get out of the problem,their response to apart from body effect is only an acknowledgement in concept meaning.The expression of body function is either a neurological activity that is restored to the physiological brain,or that it can only overcome its ambiguous expression of the body's effects by continuously establishing a comprehensive information model in the information processing process.Therefore,it is difficult to get rid of the dilemma of this "physical effect".As for body function,Merleau-Ponty 's body epistemology provides us new dimension to reconsider body recognition as typical phenomenon body epistemology.Merleau-Ponty has two main ideas.First,body participates perception process as perception subject,it percepts the world via body scheme which is a dynamic system affecting body recognition process.Second,our perception process is not simple assemble of information,but a interplay between body and the world,which is dynamic process including time and space.This kind of body epistemology emphasizes that recognition is a body's recognition.Body as recognition subject is the basis of the whole recognition activity,the brain is not the only recognition organ,our hands,foot and limbs' activity all participate in recognition activity as recognition subject.All in all,recognition is the whole body's integrated and systematic function.Merleau-Ponty 's phenomenon body epistemology breaks the opposition of mind-body dualism,solving the problem of representationalism.By comparing the representational body epistemology with the phenomenological body epistemology,it provides us a new angle to understand body recognition and ignites us a deep think of embodiment perception. |
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