| First emerging in western literary circle in the 1970s,the "Culture Turn" rapidly spread to the realm of translation and assumed its dominant role.During this period,a major school of thought went beyond the linguistic approach of translation to broader culture context.As the representative figure of its adherents,Andre Lefevere took the initiative and brought out the idea of "Translation is rewriting.Translation is manipulation"(Lefever,1992),ensued by his renowned statement of three factors in manipulation,namely,ideology,poetics and patronage.Based on Lefevere's Manipulation Theory,this thesis intends to figure out how the ideology,poetics and patronage exert their influences on the translated text.However,the disparity between the author and translator in aspects like styles,techniques and understandings stands in the writer's way of carrying on this study.In order to unfetter the study from the constraints caused by the disparity,this thesis selects a self-translated work as its research subject.Self-translation has long been regarded as an anomaly and habitually marginalized in the translation circle.But no translator could possibly produce a stretch of language in a totally impersonal way without leaving fingerprints on it,which is exactly the foundation of the Manipulation Theory.As a result,no reasons are seen any longer that self-translations should be treated unfairly.Generally,bilingual writers are more privileged in unifying their original thoughts and techniques in the translated text.The writer of this thesis supposes few theories would be more suitable than the Manipulation Theory to justify the identity of self-translation as genuine translation since the basis of this theory highlights the legality,necessity and unavoidability of manipulation.Due to her unique style in literary creation,Eileen Chang is undoubtedly one of the most glaring stars amidst the constellation of contemporary authors.Numerous scholars have sprung up from home and abroad and conducted voluminous researches in different forms on her works.But Chang's identity as a translator somehow doesn't seem to receive its due attention.The writer of this thesis carefully singles out The Golden Cangue as a case study.For one reason,Jinsuoji never fails to arouse interests among readers and is lavishly complimented by scholars,and still,among her self-translating works,Jinsuoji has gone through being rewritten for three times in total all conducted by Eileen Chang herself,which self-evidently attests to its great significance for research.Furthermore,admitted by all,The Golden Cangse is not only the best,but also the most faithful version among all three to the original.However,with a further study,it is found that the aspect of translators being manipulated is always overemphasized while studies about translators' own manipulation on their renditions usually escape scholars' notice.Therefore,based on Lefevere's Manipulation Theory,this thesis probes into Eileen Chang's translation strategies in The Golden Cangue under the influence of ideology,poetics and patronage from both external and internal.Ultimately,it comes to the conclusion that,given the fact that translators' fingerprints would never been possibly erased,there is no reason for self-translation being thought little of and translators are manipulators themselves while under the manipulation of social ideology,poetics and patronage.Despite its limitations,this thesis bears theoretical and practical significance.First,this thesis confirms Eileen Chang's value as a translator and her unparalleled advantages in translating her own work.Second,the subject of this thesis,The Golden Cangue,a self-translated work by Eileen Chang,unfetters the study from the constraints of the disparity between the author and the translator in styles,techniques,understandings...Finally,other than the three external factors—ideology,poetics and patronage,this thesis still conducts an analysis from the perspective of the translator's own manipulation in the translation cause. |
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