A Study On The Negotiation Of Sino-US Chinese Labors' Affairs(1880-1894)

This thesis mainly discusses the negotiation process of The Chinese Exclusion Act and the major violent exclusion cases between Sino-US Government in1880-1894,show the tremendous change of the attitude of the two governments toward the Chinese labors' going to the U.S.and the intricate of the negotiation process,restores the true face of the Chinese labors' policy at the end of the Qing Dynasty,and shows the fate of the small figures in the national game.At the same time,it tries to make a brief analysis of this phenomenon.The text is divided into four chapters:The first chapter mainly discusses the general situation of Chinese labors going to the United States during the period of free immigration.During this period,the Chinese labors were affected by both domestic and foreign factors.The Qing government reacted passively to the coolie trade.Signing of the Burlingame Treaty curbed this chaos to a certain extent,and established the policy of Chinese labors' free travel to the U.S.The second chapter mainly discusses the background of the comprehensive exclusion of China and the Sino-US negotiations on Chinese labors' affairs in this period.Chinese labors have made great contributions to the development of the western part of the U.S.As a result,they have become the pins in the eyes of white labors,the wind of Chinese exclusion has spread along the West Coast of the U.S.Under the pressure of politics,economy and public opinion,the Qing government protested to the United States.The Angell Treaty was the main issue of negotiation between the two countries at that time,as a turning point,the door of the U.S.gradually closed to Chinese labors.The third chapter mainly discusses the negotiations between Sino-US on Chinese exclusion legislation and anti-Chinese massacre from 1882 to 1887.Including the Exclusion Act of 1882,the Exclusion Act of 1884,the Rock Springs massacre and so on.The promulgation of a series of Federal exclusion law fueled the flames of anti-Chinese elements.Violence against Chinese labors emerged in an endless streamduring this period.The negotiations around the Rock Springs massacre were the focus of Sino-US diplomatic disputes between 1885 and 1887,which prompted the Qing government to take active measures to protect Chinese labors in the U.S.The forth chapter mainly discusses the Sino-US negotiations on the revision of the Sino-US labor treaty from 1887 to 1894.The Qing government,which had been frustrated repeatedly in the process,offered the proposal of "banning Chinese labors",instead,this led to the unilateral implementation of the more stringent anti-Chinese laws in the U.S.,namely the Scott Act and the Geary Act.China,which had always been at a disadvantage in negotiation,had to adopt the policy of abandoning workers and insuring businessmen.The two countries finally signed the "Sino-America Labor Treaty" in 1894,achieved the goal of legalizing the status of the US policy of prohibiting Chinese labors in international law,enabling Chinese government to recognize the current anti-Chinese act and made them cooperate with the anti-Chinese actions.The Sino-US negotiations on Chinese Labor Affairs ended in humiliation and compromise at the expense of Chinese labors' interests.