Study On The Philosophical Thoughts Of Marx And Engels In The Period Of The German And French Yearbooks

The German-French Yearbook was edited by Ruge and Marx,it published a full issue in Paris at the end of February 1844.The period of the German-French Yearbook refers to the stage in which Marx arrived in Paris in October 1843 and published the German-French Yearbook in February 1844.In this period,Marx and Engels' s articles include Introduction to Hegel's Philosophy of Law,On Jewish Issues,Critique Outline of National Economics,The British Situation--Review of Thomas Carlyle's "Past and Present",The British Situation-The Eighteenth Century and Progress in Social Reform on the Mainland.During the period of the German-French Yearbook,Marx and Engels basically completed two transformations,from idealism to materialism and revolutionary democracy to communism.Before this,both Marx and Engels belonged to the young Hegelian,and their thoughts were also idealistic.With the difficulties that Marx encountered during the Rheinische Zeitung to express opinions on material interests and Engels' s investigation and study of the British situation,the two began to gradually get rid of the young Hegelian,and their worldview began to change.During the period of the German-French Yearbook,the turn of materialism and communism was basically completed.Although Marx and Engels completed two transformations at the same time in the German-French Yearbook,Marx completed two transformations in his criticism of Hegel's legal philosophy.Unlike Marx,Engels is in the British bourgeois society.Two transformations were completed in the analysis and criticism.In the critique of religion,Marx and Engels criticized Powell's theological critique and Carlyle's pantheistic religious view from the essence of man.Marx expounded the social roots and essence of religion,pointed out the relationship between political liberation and human liberation,and turned the religious critique to the criticism of reality.Engels criticized Carlyle's pantheism and revealed that religion is the illusory nature of man.He believes that people should know themselves and return to self.In the critique of civil society,Marx and Engels have drawn the dominant position of material interests in bourgeois society from the issue of Jewish liberation and the British social revolution.Marx reveals the division of the state and civil society and the self-interested nature of civil society;Engels discusses thedevelopment history of the British industrial revolution and gradually reveals the rule of business and property against capitalist society.In the critique of bourgeois political economy,Marx and Engels used dialectical thinking to reveal the roots of civil society and bourgeois social contradictions.Marx clarified the reversal of civil society and national purpose and means,pointed out that the democratic state is the real Christian country,and discussed the dialectical development of the Jewish spirit;Engels discussed the development history of national economics and the bourgeois political economy.The dialectical analysis of the basic categories reveals the laws governing the economic development of the bourgeoisie and points out that private ownership is the root of the bourgeois social contradictions.Through the above criticism,Marx and Engels pointed out the ways of human liberation,thus clarifying their philosophical communist ideology.Through the analysis of the possibility of the complete liberation of Germany,Marx pointed out the inconsistency between German theory and practice,and believed that only the proletariat could liberate Germany,and the proletariat can only completely liberate Germany by combining with philosophy;Engels is in the British industrial revolution.The analysis pointed out that its most important result is the emergence of the proletariat,and only through the proletarian revolution,the elimination of private ownership can change social relations,realize human liberation,and Engels through the analysis of the communist movement and doctrine of the three countries of Britain,France and Germany,It points out the inevitability of communism in modern society.In the period of the German-French Yearbook,Marx and Engels proceeded from the standpoint of philosophy to materialism and communism in the analysis of bourgeois society.This thesis aims to reveal the philosophical thoughts embodied in Marx and Engels in the critique through the study of related works in this period: the materialism of humanism embodied in the critique of religion and civil society;the bourgeois political economy Dialectical thinking embodied in the critique of learning;philosophical communism manifested in the exploration of the ways of human liberation.