Althusser's Another Interpretation Of Marx

In the 1950 s,due to the thorough criticism of Stalin by the Twentieth Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union,the theoretical beliefs of the Western Communists shifted from dogmatic Marxism to humanitarian Marxism.Influenced by the anti-subjectivism and anti-ideology philosophy of structuralism,epistemology of history of science,Althusser believes that the essence of humanism is ideology,which softens Marxism and resolutely opposes the interpretation of Marxism as humanism.In order to safeguard the scientific nature of Marxism,Althusser pioneered the use of "symptomatic reading" to read Marx's text,in order to find the theoretical " Problematic " hidden in the deep structure of the text.Althusser regards the " Problematic " of theory as his research method.He believes that there exists "epistemological break" in the development of Marx's thought.Before the break,Marx's thought is the general problem of ideology.After the break,Marx with "science" as the general problem is the real Marx.Therefore,he thinks that Marx in the mature period is "theoretical anti-humanism".He believes that scientific Marxism is a structural transformation of Hegel's dialectics of unanimous decision,whose essence is dialectics of overdetermination.Faced with the crisis of humanizing Marxism,Althusser resolutely launched a debate with humanists and carried the banner of "for Marx" without hesitation.This critical spirit also makes his scientific interpretation of Marx more in line with Marx's original intention than his humanitarian interpretation.The interpretation of Althusser is helpful to deepen our understanding of the scientific nature of Marxism.But his theory also has some shortcomings,which leaves room for the development of post-Marxist theory.