The Study Of Behavior Of "Lie Nv" In "Complete Works Of Li Hongzhang"

According to the author's statistics,�Complete Works of Li hongzhang� contains more than 150 memorial works for female commendation,which were concentrated in the period when Li hongzhang stayed on as governor of Zhili province(1870-1894).The majority of these women are from Zhili,Shandong,Yunnan,Anhui,Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Sichuan provinces.These women are from upper-class family.Their behavior reflects the life state of the upper-class female group in the Tongzhi and Guangxu periods.In terms of filial daughters and women,they show filial piety to their adoptive parents,raise their brothers and sisters,cut their flesh to cure their relatives,and try their best to bury them,even sacrifice their lives for their relatives.The reward and punishment of national policy,the restraint of family rules,and the cognition of oneself promote filial piety.Filial daughters and women would have conflicts with family members in the process of filial piety.Parents and brothers strongly opposed their lifetime without marriage,self-inflicted injuries,decision to die.As far as the chastity women,they are toilsome,heroic,confirmed and brave.It is the encouragement of the system,the influence of the living environment and the pursuit of self-reflection that urge them to keep their chastity.Their choice reflects not only social ethics and �political correctness�,but also a kind of action consciousness under the guidance of mainstream ideology and even brainwashing.As far as the kind-hearted women,their main acts of charity are to help their children with charity work,to donate money for famine relief and to build roads.The government rewarded the kind-hearted women through such means as establishing memorial gate,plaque by emperor,praise and promotion.Their good deeds have not only reduced the impact of disasters,improved local people's livelihood,enhanced the family reputation,but also improved the status of women themselves.For these women who came from the upper class and lived in Tongzhi and Guangxu periods,The national policy,social propaganda and rescue measures,family rules and moral influence all promote their filial piety and chastity.Self-achievement is the most important reason for their outstanding performance.