Research On Mcintyre's Moral Philosophy Method

First of all,this article is based on the method of MacIntyre's moral philosophy,and is limited to the important text of "After Virtue".Second,the study of MacIntyre's moral philosophical approach has important implications for today's moral dilemmas."After Virtue" has dual characteristics.On the one hand,it is a review and criticism of the history of ethical thoughts,and on the other hand,it is the exploration and answer to the basic questions of ethics.It is neither a simple history of ethical thought nor a purely ethical principle,but a combination of history and theory.Throughout these two aspects is his moral philosophy approach.The ethical approach to "After Virtue" is a historicist approach.The historicist approach was established on the basis of a critical approach to moral ethics and emotional philosophical approaches to modern analysis.Thirdly,this thesis studies MacIntyre's historical ethical philosophy,examines the process of its emergence and development,reveals the basic characteristics of the historicist approach,and explores the use of historicalist methods to answer moral philosophies.The crisis of contemporary moral philosophy arises from the analysis of moral philosophy and even the moral philosophy of moralism.So in the first chapter,this paper briefly introduces several representatives of moral philosophy and sentimentalism analyzed in ethics and their main ideas in the field of ethics,and then states McIntyre's critique of the moral philosophy of analysis.It is precisely because the mainstream rationalism in Western values has great flaws in research methods that the analysis of moral philosophy and emotional moral philosophy threatens the foundation of "morality" and threatens the entire field of ethics.McIntyre discovered that using the previous moral philosophy method was unable to respond to this moral nihilism,so he himself tried to find the foundation of morality from the historical resources by combing the context of history.This method is called the historicalist method.However,this method was not originally created by MacIntyre himself.Later,this article also briefly introduced the important representatives of historical methods and their thoughts.It is also pointed out that McIntyre draws on Collingwood's point of view that history is artificial,and that human intervention in history is not mechanically as mathematically analytically interferable.As a thoughtful person,to study history,one must begin to study the history of human thought and its historical background.Not only history,but ethics is noexception.In practice,human beings yearn for different values and purposes.People's lives and thoughts are complex.They cannot use human reason to cover all moral bases,and different fields and different fields.The moral norms of the regional and social communities are about a simple morality.This is nothing more than neglecting the complexity of people's real life and talking about morality.Similarly,the history of moral thought is constructed by thinkers in history,and the thinkers themselves are in history,and they must be constrained and influenced by historical and moral traditions.The process by which their theories are accepted must also be in their reality.Proof of the rationality in history.The competition between the different morals in different fields constitutes a history of moral thoughts.It is in reality and history.Therefore,the history of moral thought is the same as the history of morality.It is in this history that people gave up Aristotle's teleology and accepted enlightenment.However,the moral planning of the Enlightenment was unsuccessful.When Nietzsche fundamentally doubted the rationality of rationalism.McIntyre believes that people have to face the inadequacies of the rationalist approach to moral philosophy,or return to Aristotle's teleology to find moral reasons.It is precisely by combining this teleology with historicalism that people can find the background of the formation of morality and the value of its existence and its reasons,and it is possible to evaluate its rationality.Otherwise,in the split "modern self",the behavior of people and people is incomprehensible,from which it is impossible to find the true motives and reasons of people.This kind of abstraction,separation and social relations,the understanding of the traditional self,and rationalism use morality only as an abstract concept,so that we can not find its reasonable proof from the empty and contentless morality.Of course,in history,people place their moral basis on concepts such as facts,rights,utilitarianism,etc.However,McIntyre criticizes the authenticity of such concepts.If these concepts that were once used as moral foundations are really "pseudo-concepts" as McIntyre said,how can we find the rationality of morality from the basis of reality? McIntyre pointed out that if we return to Aristotle's teleology and regard people as a concept of teleology and function,we can introduce "should" from "facts",so we find The foundation of morality.However,this kind of inquiry to the purpose can only be truly restored to the original appearance of the historical context,and we can truly understand the reasons for its establishment and practical application.The second chapter of this thesis is based on this,through the combination of different mutual theory,philosophical argumentation andhistoricism,to carry out historicalist answers to moral rationality.