The Japanese Puppet Government's Medical Hygiene Management And Policy In Hangzhou's Occupied Area During The War Of Resistance

The historical study of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression has always been a major academic focus.Writings about the history of the Japanese occupied areas has been flourishing in the recent years,and particularly,researches about the history of Hangzhou during the war has also been fruitful.However,writings about the social life during the war years in Hangzhou,especially the historical research on the management and control of Hangzhou's public health,is rare;thus,such research is a valuable addition to the field.This thesis aims to explore four aspects of the Japanese puppet government in the realm of public health management and control during the war years in Hangzhou: the establishment of the medical hygiene policies,the take over and integration of the city's medical organizations and institutions,and the control of the city's public health care,and the government's mission to colonize the bodies of the Chinese people.After Hangzhou was occupied by the Japanese military,the Japanese puppet government hoped to gain control of the people,establish authority over the occupied areas,and reconstruct the society by strongly promoting colonization through medical hygiene policy reforms.This thesis expands on the idea that the Japanese puppet government promoted policies that would enforce colonization of the people and their bodies by infiltrating and occupying the medical hygiene realm of the society.From looking at the political policies,the Japanese puppet government strictly limited the personal freedom of the people by enforcing the baojia system,issuing good citizen certificate and vaccination certificate,and monitoring of medical personnel.By occupying the former Hangzhou City Hospital and taking over the Guangji Hospital,the puppet government successfully shaped the leading status of the Japanese medical organization Tongrenhui/Doujinkai in the medical field as well as gaining control and integrating medical institutions within the occupied areas.Additionally,the government also spread medical propaganda through the launch ofvarious programs such as epidemic health campaigns,cleaning campaigns,and public health education programs.In order to alleviate and combat the Chinese people's anti-Japanese sentiments and forces,the government executed control physically and spiritually over them by launching bacteriological and gas warfare in Xiaoshan and Fuyang among other locations.At the same time,the puppet government also set up comfort stations and implemented governmental oversight on the prostitution industry;they enforced vaccination measures on prostitutes in order to prevent Japanese military personnel from interacting with them and possibly resulting in a non-combatant personnel reduction.Moreover,the Japanese authority also sold opium to the people in order to gain control over the people and to produce wealth.Overall,the Japanese puppet government formulated medical hygiene policies,occupied medical institutions,integrated medical resource,and implemented compulsory treatments and public health campaigns as well as other means to reshape the medical hygiene habits of the Chinese along with its goal to colonize the occupied area through changing hygiene disciplines and to establish a new medical hygiene order.The ultimate mission was to coerce the Chinese people to accept the East Asian new order,leading China to become part of its East Asian commonwealth circle and a colony of Japan.