| In the pre-Qin period,the interpretation of “pleasure” in Chuang Tzu is unique.On the basis of criticizing,inheriting and developing predecessors’ thoughts,Chuang Tzu first proposes the aesthetic proposition of “Extreme Pleasure is no Pleasure”.This proposition has innovative meanings in theory and is rich in the aesthetic implication.The historical and cultural meaning of “pleasure” is the basic research on revealing the aesthetic implication of “Extreme Pleasure is no Pleasure”.“Pleasure” is first referred to an art that combines music,poetry and dance,and later it becomes an expression of pleasurable emotion.Before Xia,Shang and Western zhou Dynasties,pleasure is born in the pre-Qin etiquette and music culture,but surpasses the latter in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.The pleasure of transcendence is becoming more and more enjoyable.In this regard,Confucian aesthetics represented by Confucius and Mencius advocates a kind of rational pleasure with the purpose of moral perfection,and Mo Zi proposes the viewpoint of“Non-pleasure” that denies all sensual pleasures.Unlike the pre-Qin Confucian and Mohist estheticians’ views on “pleasure”,Chuang Tzu inherits and develops Lao Tzu’s thought.In the article of Extreme Pleasure,he puts forward the proposition “Extreme Pleasure is no Pleasure”.The subject of this proposition is “extreme pleasure” and “pleasure”.Here,“pleasure” is referred to the alienation of secular pleasure.This kind of alienation is mainly manifested in a person’s eyes,ears,nose,mouth,heart,gains and losses of fame and fortune,right and wrong,good and evil,sickness and aging,as well as life and death,thus characterizing in having the loss of self,human nature,De and sufferings of conscious actions.Contrary to the alienated secular pleasure,Tian le,Cheng le and extreme pleasure are the same kind of pleasure that is in line with the Tao of inaction.The realization of extreme pleasure is “Wu”.“Xing you suo wang”and “Xin zhai” can realize the secular pleasure without alienation.“Zuo wang” can realize the conflation of extreme pleasure and secular pleasure in keeping with the Tao of inaction.Extreme pleasure has a clear feature of criticism.The saint experiences Tian le.The saint criticizes the gentleman personality in Confucian aesthetics,and Tian le is the transcendence of “Non-pleasure”.The extreme person is also a real person.The real person “travels freely to extreme pleasure”,which has comprehensively criticized the alienation of secular pleasure.“You” state and “Hua” state are two aesthetic realms of “Extreme Pleasure is no Pleasure”.In the “You” aesthetic realm,I have the tendency to escape from the secular society,relying on the individual’s psychological actions to realize the Tao of inaction and travel freely in the spiritual space.The realization of this kind of aesthetic realm is that there is no alienation of secular pleasure,and it is a gradual process in getting rid of limits from the body to the mind and finally to the self.The“Hua” aesthetic realm is higher than the “You” aesthetic realm.In the “Hua” aesthetic realm,the individual in the secular society experiences the secular pleasure that is compatible with the Tao of inaction,and is in the prevailing realm of Tao,Hua and extreme pleasure.The realization of this kind of aesthetic realm corresponds to the three forms of existence of the individual’s body and mind.Ways are to transform the body with keeping the mind,to remove coverings of the mind and to combine the individual’s body and mind with nature as a common change. |
