| Previous studies have found that music training not only has an impact on individuals’ cognitive abilities such as attention and executive function,but also that music training can promote individuals’ working memory ability.In other words,after a period of music training,individuals have a more prominent performance in working memory.And according to the theory is that working memory by the central executive Baddeley composition,speech loop(verbal working memory),depending on the spatial template buffer(spatial working memory)and the situation of four parts,past research has found that music training can affect individual’s verbal working memory,but there’s also the research did not find music training for the positive impact of verbal working memory,there are few studies to explore the positive effect of music training on spatial working memory.Therefore,this paper discussed the effect of music training on working memory through the following two studies,and whether music training has a selective effect on verbal working memory and spatial working memory,which was not shown in previous studies.The purpose of the first study was to explore the effect of music training on working memory and whether there was a selective promotion effect on verbal working memory and spatial working memory.This study selected 67 college students as the research object,and according to the experience of the instrument training subjects were divided into experimental group and control group,the experimental group have a woodwind instruments about 10 years training experience,and the controlgroup didn’t have any music related training experience,respectively,two groups had no verbal working memory and spatial working memory task.The results showed that(1)subjects with music training experience performed better in working memory than those without music training experience.(2)compared with subjects without music experience,subjects with music training experience only showed faster reaction speed and higher accuracy in spatial working memory,while no significant difference was found in verbal working memory.The purpose of the second study is to explore the mechanism of the influence of music training on working memory.The reason why music training has a positive effect on spatial working memory may be that long-term musical instrument training will enhance the proficiency of finger movements,while finger movements will help to memorize spatial location information.This study selected 70 college students without any musical instrument training subjects,divided into exercise group and control group on average,the training need finger gestures training task,after complete the delay matching task and 2-the back sample task,control group don’t need to do a finger gestures training,but also needs to be done with the same exercise group tasks.The results showed that :(1)compared with the control group,finger movement could improve the accuracy of spatial working memory training task in the training group;(2)there was no significant difference between the training group and the control group in the delayed sample matching task;(3)in the 2-back task,the accuracy rate of the training group was significantly higher than that of the control group.To sum up,the results of the above two studies show that long-term music training,especially musical instrument training,will affect the individual’s working memory ability,which is embodied in the fact that musical instrument training can help improve spatial working memory.At the same time,the study also found that the outstanding performance of individuals who have been trained by Musical Instruments in spatialworking memory may be due to the fact that musical instrument training is conducive to the proficiency of finger movements,while finger movements are conducive to the positioning and memory of spatial positions,thus indirectly affecting spatial working memory. |
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