| In recent years,the elderly population has increased dramatically,and the active response to the aging of the population has been included in the national 13 th five-year plan,and the elderly pension has become an important issue of people’s livelihood.At present,the elderly in China are faced with such problems as fewer children,great pressure in life and supporting for the aged,and lack of time for their children to accompany the elderly,resulting in the unacceptable "empty nest phenomenon" in Chinese traditional culture.Therefore,the function of social pension service system is given higher requirements,institutional pension will become a new trend.Pension service institutions have certain advantages,which can provide considerate and meticulous services for the elderly,but they may also make the elderly lose some of their right of self-control in life,reduce their sense of self-efficacy and cause more psychological problems.The purpose of this study is to understand the disability dilemma and coping methods of self-efficacy of the elderly in nursing homes,and to apply collective narrative practices(including tree of life and collective documents)to intervene in the self-efficacy of the elderly in nursing homes and enhance the self-efficacy of the elderly in nursing homes.This study consisted of two studies.In the first study,subject analysis method was used to conduct in-depth interviews with 15 senior citizens in a nursing home to understand which difficulties would make them feel "incapacitated" after entering the nursing home and what methods they adopted to deal with such difficulties.The results show that the common disability plight of the elderly in nursing homes mainly includes five aspects: physical disease,death anxiety,missing of family members,discrimination and unfriendly treatment,adaptation and interpersonal conflict.Senior citizens in nursing homes should take measures to cope with these difficulties,such as keeping positive and optimistic,accepting themselves and exercising.The second research is intervention research,which intervenes the self-efficacy of the elderly in nursing homes through collective narrative practice.The intervention subjects were 64 people from 4 nursing institutions in Kunming,aged between 71 and 91,with an average age of 83.16 4.00.The experimental design was a single-factor randomized design,which was divided into three groups: the experimental group of 15 people,the collective document group of 34 people,and the control group of 15 people.The subjects in the experimental group and the control group were from the same nursing home,while the subjects in the collective document group were from three nursing homes of different sizes,including 10 people from large-scale nursing homes,14 people from medium-scale nursing homes and 10 people from small-scale nursing homes.The experimental group accepted collective narrative practice(including tree of life and collective document).The control group received no intervention;Collective file groups accept collective file processing.Independent variable was: collective narrative practice technology(experimental group/collective document group/control group).The dependent variables were: self-efficacy,group cohesion and depression.In this study,the experimental group of collective narrative practice had six interventions,which were divided into two stages.In the first stage,the "tree of life" intervened for four activities,namely,the tree of life,the forest of life,when the storm came,and the certificate was issued.In the second stage,"collective documents" intervened in two activities,making use of the dissemination of collective documents to carry out communication and interaction by means of letters.The collective document group has 6 activities,among which each pension institution has 2 activities.The results showed that there were significant differences in self-efficacy and group cohesion between the experimental group and the collective document group and the control group,but there were no significant differences in depression between the three groups.The self-efficacy of large-scale nursing home subjects receiving collective document processing was significantly higher than that of medium and small-scale nursing home subjects.Under the effect of collective narrative practice,the general self-efficacy scores of the experimental group and the collective document group were positively correlated with the group cohesion scores,but not significantly correlated with depression.In summary,the following main conclusions can be drawn from this study:(1)the common disability difficulties of the elderly in nursing homes are related to physical,interpersonal and adaptive problems.The elderly have positive coping methods for these difficulties that make them feel that they have lost the sense of control.(2)through the tree metaphors,the experimental group of elderly people in the story of his life at the same time,to explore the experience and methods to solve the problem,can effectively enhance the self-efficacy,and they through collective files to other nursing home old people share the positive response to cope with life’s problems,also led to increased group cohesion and further strengthen the self-efficacy.(3)only accepting the task of collective file sharing can also improve the self-efficacy of the elderly in nursing homes.(4)collective narrative practice has no significant effect on improving the depression of the elderly in nursing homes. |
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