Is Knowledge More Valuable Than True Belief?

What is knowledge?The answer of traditional epistemology is that knowledge is justified true belief,which constitutes the ternary definition of knowledge.But Getier pointed out by counterexample that cognizers can happen to acquire knowledge by virtue of luck,that is,the above three conditions are not sufficient and necessary conditions for knowledge,but only necessary conditions for knowledge.Then a reasonable approach is to add a fourth or even more conditions on the basis of the three conditions.On the one hand,it can overcome the criticism of Gettiers problem on the definition of the essence of knowledge,and on the other hand,it can re-find necessary and sufficient conditions of knowledge.But while asking about the nature of knowledge,it seems that we should rethink the following series of questions from another angle:What is the value of knowledge?What is the relationship between knowledge and various cognitive states?Does knowledge have more extra value than true belief?Why should we put knowledge at the core of research?Why is knowledge more valuable than true belief?The first response of reliability is that since knowledge is a true belief formed by a reliable process,knowledge will be more valuable than true belief.But this response faced blame for"swamping problem." The "Coffee Case" points out that if a good cup of coffee is already present,whether the cup of coffee is produced by a reliable coffee machine will not bring extra value to the coffee,because the value of a reliable coffee machine is swamped by coffee.If the true belief is already present,then the reliable process will not bring more value to the knowledge than the true belief,because the value of the reliable process is swamped by the true belief.Through the analysis of basic value,instrumental value and final value,it is found that the reliable process only acts as tool instrumental in this process.Combined with Pritchards drowning argument,it is found that the root of the problem lies in the presupposition in traditional epistemology,that is,the T-monism in epistemology,and this is the root cause of the problem.From this,we can summarize several main solutions:1.In pragmatic value,knowledge is more valuable than than true belief.2.Extemalism and Internalism3.Non Aggregation-Subset modelBut the first solution is only a pragmatic solution,and fails to answer why knowledge surpasses true belief in value.The second solution,whether externalism or internalism,fails to effectively prove the additional value of knowledge over true belief.And through analysis,it is found that the above two solutions are based on the assumption that each cognitive state,including true beliefs,is a subset of the large set of knowledge,and this is precisely the source of the inundation problem.Therefore,the third solution is to try to solve problems from the non-set-subset model.Although such a solution to the problem still has its own theoretical difficulties,the discussion in a greater sense prompts us to think again about the relationship between knowledge and various cognitive states.Through the introduction of the non-attribute parasitic theory,I tried to point out that the root of the inundation problem lies in the belief monism presupposition in epistemology,that is,when defining the nature of knowledge,the belief is often placed at the most core position,which leads to the inundation problem Then,an effective way is to break the core position of belief and re-explore the value of other cognitive states.On the other hand,through the enlightenment of the non-set-subset model,the relationship between knowledge and each cognitive state is reconstructed by K?J?T?B ?X(K is expressed as knowledge,J is expressed as defense,and T is expressed as Is true,B is expressed as belief,X is expressed as other cognitive states and conditions)re-expressed as K?J?T? B? X(K is expressed as knowledge,J is expressed as defense,T is expressed as true,B is expressed as Belief,X is expressed as other cognitive states and conditions).Combining the two,we can rethink why knowledge is more valuable than true belief.