The Study Of Tributary System In Liao Dynasty

Liao Dynasty existed for more than 200 years,Liao Shi records that the number of its dependent countries reached 78,consolidate rule on the basis of building such a huge empire is incredibly,the reason is not only due to the powerful military power of the Khitan people,but also that it has established an effective tributary system to control the Quartet.During Qin and Han dynasties,in order to strengthen the rule of frontier ethnic groups,the tributary system began to sprout.In the Sui and Tang Dynasties,the tribute system was basically mature.On the basis of the previous generation,the Liao Dynasty transformed the traditional form of imprisonment into a unified form of administration that included the state and department into the administrative establishment.On the basis of the previous generation,Liao Dynasty transformed the traditional form of restrain into a unified form of administration that included the state and department into the administrative establishment,making the tributary system more stable.At the same time,the monitoring and management of the surrounding ethnic groups and regimes were intensified,and the border order of the Liao Dynasty was stabilized.The construction of the tributary system in the Liao Dynasty went through a long process.From the weak passively tributary at the beginning of the rise of Khitan,to the establishment of a tributary system to strengthen the management of the newly conquered tribe after the founding of the Liao Dynasty,the tributary system was gradually completed during the Liao Sheng Zong,which became an important aid to the reconstruction of East Asian order in the Liao Dynasty.Khitan was originally barbarous and was despised by the surrounding regime.In order for the tributary system to better play the role of affirming the legitimacy of its rule,the Liao Dynasty adopted a series of measures to continuously improve tribute etiquette,including the improvement of tribute affairs institutions and tribute etiquettes.The tributary agency basically follows the Tang and Song official systems,including:competent agencies,reception systems,courtesy systems,local management agencies,etc.All agencies cooperate with each other to ensure the implementation of the tributary system and tributary etiquette.Tribute rituals include tribute costumes,tribute vehicle,tribute musical instruments and movements.These measures gave full play to the political functions of the ceremonial and music system,which defined the level of respect and respected the humble,and strengthened the authority of the tributary system.Khitan emerged in Songmo and did not pay attention to etiquette.However,after the founding of the Liao Dynasty,with the deepening of feudalization and the continuous absorption of Central Plains culture,more and more attention was paid toConfucian culture and Central Plains etiquette.The tributary system of the Liao Dynasty showed the characteristics of combining Fan and Han,emphasizing favor and support,and incomplete etiquette.During the Liao Dynasty,the tributary system played an important role in stabilizing the rule of the Liao Dynasty,which was conducive to the Liao Dynasty's advantageous position in the struggle for "orthodox",promoted the completion of the ancient Chinese governance system on the frontiers,and promoted the social development of the frontier regions.