| Located between the north and the south,Linqing City was close to the Zhangwei River with its special location in Ming and Qing dynasties.While,in Tang and Song dynasties,the capitals were located along the Yellow River,the geographical location of Linqing didn't show its special characteristics.Therefore,it was called Huitong Township before Yuan dynasty,a sparsely populated village,with no urban construction.During the Yuan dynasty,Beijing had started to take its lead as the national political center,and at the same time,the Grand Canal had been completed,which enabled the geographic location of Linqing to stand out.However,the shipping met an unstable status at that time.It was not until Ming and Qing dynasties that Linqing,a city along the canal,experienced a period of full bloom of urban development thanks to the improvement and management of the canal.Meanwhile,the urban construction of Linqing also witnessed an unprecedented growth in Ming and Qing dynasties.However,restricted to such studies as the commercial history and the rise and fall history of Ming and Qing dynasties,the historian circle pays less attention to study the urban construction history during this period.And these studies are only superficial delineations,failing to further explore the urban construction situation of Linqing from a three-dimensional perspective.Thus,this paper analyzes and explores the achievements of the urban construction and relationship between urban construction and canal of Linqing in Ming and Qing dynasties.Firstly,the author studies the overall scale of Linqing in Ming and Qing dynasties from the aspects of its population,structure,urban area and the construction of city walls,through which the author concludes that the canal is a must.Moreover,there is no doubt that the dominant position of industrial andcommercial population in Linqing is closely related to the industry and commerce expanded by the exploitation of the canal in Linqing.Along with the expansion of urban area,the construction of the city wall,on the one hand,presented the course of the expansion of Linqing,on the other hand,it revealed the role played by the functions of canal of official supplies transportation canal and civil transportation in the expansion of urban area.And because the expansion of urban scale is able to fuel the construction of urban zoning,the author finds that the city can be roughly divided into six regions based on the different functions of each region through careful analysis.With their own characteristics,these six regions were all connected by the canal,while each owns some close connection with the canal.At last,combined with the urban construction process which included urban scale and urban zoning in Ming and Qing dynasties,the author clearly concludes its connection with the canal.In addition,the increase of urban population,the springing up of industry and commerce,and the expansion of streets accelerated the demand of cities for public affairs with service properties,such as the demand for education,urban management,religious belief and urban infrastructure.The author analyzes these demands one by one,and points out that many public affairs with urban service properties in Linqing in Ming and Qing dynasties took the urban development brought by the canal as the prerequisite,and the canal participated in the development of various public affairs in Linqing with its unique natural and humanistic attributes.The canal acted as a catalyst for the process of urban construction and public affairs,besides,it also helped the formation of Linqing with three unique urban characteristics during Ming and Qing dynasties,forwarding the urban construction and a unique urban road construction in Linqing.Finally,based on the above research,the author conducts the urban theory of “official-civilian” binary co-construction in Linqing under the influence of canals in Ming and Qing dynasties,revealing the general law of urban construction and development in Linqing. |
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