| Tourism is one of the biggest and fast-growing industries worldwide.The tourism sector has shown a remarkable capacity to adjust the changing market conditions,fueling Economic growth and job creation around the world.In recent year Ethiopia is the fastest-growing travel and tourism economy in African as well as in the world especially Ethiopia's historical and cultural tourist attractions received a large number of international and local tourists every year,although many problems still persists,such as inadequate and undeveloped tourist accumulation and communication network such as free internet access and transportation.Therefore,this study selected four historical and cultural tourist destinations,to assess tourist arrivals,revenue and tourist satisfaction by collecting data from September 11 2011 to September 11 2017,to investigate the impacts of tourism development constraints,and put forward the corresponding management measures.The main results are as described below:1 The arrival of international and local tourists in Gondar cityA total of 622,311 local and 170,658 international tourists visited Gondar from 2011-2017.The revenue generated from local tourist estimated to $US 261 thousand and from international tourists $US 1milion.The number of local and international tourists' arrival increased from 2011-2013 and in 2014 significantly decreased.Again in 2015 the tourist arrival and revenue shows an upward trend and decreased thereafter.The number of local tourists dramatically,decreased by 35.5%and revenue by 48.8%in 2016.Inn of the 4 sisters is the most suitable,based on customer evaluation and high ranked with all tourist services.Florida international hotel,Lammergeyer hotel,and Mayileko lodge are suitable to stay although the Wi-Fi ranked low.Jantekel hotel ranked high with the Wi-Fi and low ranked with its staff and location.Lammergeyer hotel ranked low with the availability of Wi-Fi from all hotels.2 The arrival of international and local tourists in AksumFrom 2011 to 2017,totally 705879 local and 135584 international tourists visited Aksum city.The revenue generated was $US 102 thousand from local and $US 286thousand from international tourists.The revenue from local tourist flow in 2015 was extremely higher than the other year.Local tourists flow to Axum city and revenue generated increased by 110.5%in 2015 and decreased by 90.1%in 2016.International tourists and revenue decreased by almost 14%in 2016.As compared to the entire study period,Axum city received the minimum number of local tourists in 2011 and 2012 and the minimum number of international tourists in 2014 and 2015.Isabean international hotel is the most suitable based on customer evaluation and high ranked with all tourist services.Sabean international hotel and Berana hotel,are the second suitable to stay although the Wi-Fi ranked low.Ethiopis hotel and Delina hotels ranked high with the other service and low ranked with its Wi-Fi and Facility.3 The arrival of international and local tourists in Bahr Dar and hotel evaluationFrom 2011 to 2017,totally 195,1131ocal tourist and 170,589 international tourists visited Bahr Dar.The revenue generated was $US 28 thousand from local and $US 359thousand from international tourists.From 2011 to 2017,the local tourists flow to Bahr Dar revealed by increasing trend.The international tourists flow seems increased from 2011 to 2013 and thereafter shows up and downtrend.Bahr Dar received the minimum number of local tourists and revenue in 2016 and 2011 respectively and the maximum local tourists and revenue in 2017.Whereas the minimum number of international tourists and revenue in 2011 and the maximum number of international tourists and revenue in 2017.Bahr Dar hosted more local and international tourists in 2017 with comparatively high revenue.Local tourists flow to Bahr Dar and revenue generated decreased by 14.8%and 16.6%respectively in 2016.Unison hotel and spa and Bahr Dar hotel 2 are the most suitable based on customer evaluation high ranked with all tourist service.Wyyn hotel is ranked low with the availability of Wi-Fi.Rahnile hotel high-ranked with it is facility and location but low ranked with Wi-Fi,generally based on custom evaluation most hotels are failed to fulfill the demands of their customer with free Wi-Fi supply.4 The arrival of international and local tourists in Lalibella tourist destinationFrom 2011 to 2017,a total of 519,7061ocal and 166,503 international tourists visited Lalibella.The revenue generated was $US 37thousand from local and $US8millionfrom international tourists.The number of international tourists decreased between 2011 and 2014 and start increasing thereafter until 2017.The Local tourist number shows up and downtrends from 2011 to 2017.Lalibella hosted the minimum number of local tourists flow and revenue in 2011 and 2014 respectively and minimum as well as the maximum number of international tourists flow and revenue seen in 2014.The maximum number of local tourist and international tourists flow and revenue generated in 2017.The number of local tourists flow and revenue generated comparatively decreased by 11%in 2015.Harbe hotel is the most suitable based on customer evaluation and high ranked with all tourist services.Sora Lodge and Old Abyssinia lodges are also suitable for all services excluding Wi-Fi.Torpedo hotel ranked low with the availability of Wi-Fi from all hotels.Red rock hotels and panoramic hotels are high ranked with it is staff and location but low ranked with Wi-Fi,Most hotels are low ranked in the availability of free Wi-Fi.ConclusionsTourism is growing fast in historical and cultural tourist destinations,although it shows some up and downtrends,which probably related to the competitiveness of infrastructure and tourism service like accommodations.(1)The flow of tourists and income generated from tourism,in the selected historical and cultural tourist destinations not increased annually rather it shows an up and downtrend.(2)Therefore,from our finding,it is difficult to say the number of local and international tourists,as well as revenue generated increased at a constant rate.(3)In this research,we have also identified some basic problems that hinder the development of tourism,which needs a solution to assure tourism development.(4)Among this,due to underdeveloped and imbalance infrastructure,some of the historical and cultural tourist destinations found around the city are inaccessible by road.Because of this,local and international tourists could not get the chance to visit these tourist sites,which are far from the main road.(5)The lack of accessibility to nearby tourist destinations site decreases the total number of stay and the revenue generated as well.(6)Low standard hotels,as well as lack of recreational facilities and internet problems,are among the service and accommodation-related that dissatisfies the tourists.(7)The increase in revenue generated from tourists can be improved by enhancing the competitiveness of tourism development at a destination.Recommendation(1)The accommodation owners should work strongly not only to be profited but also to satisfy their customers.Especially,related to free internet access.(2)In addition to private accommodation owners,the regional and federal governments should allocate financial support to improve the facilities around the historic site.(3)To generate more revenue from both local and international tourist culture and tourism office and all the stockholders must work hard to fulfill the tourists' needs to increase the length of the stay at the destination site.(4)Marketing and promotional work should be used as an important instrument for the development of local and international tourists within the destination through different media including leaflets and electronic media.As a marketing and promotional tool branding,opening the web page address of the destination should be implemented and update the information regularly.(5)Ministry of Culture and tourism office should work for the branding destination to build the cognitive and unique image of historic scenic spots.(6)In order to attract tourists,the historic scenic spots administration and cultural and tourism offices both regional and federal must work in cooperation to improve tourist services and infrastructure.All the attraction areas must have stable and suitable transportation and tourists related services which support the use of the historic heritage for tourists to propose for better competitiveness.(7)To develop the historic scenic spots tourist destination,local guide with the best interpretation especially the resource of the surrounding area,local culture,should be fulfilled. |
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