Chongqing Municipal Industry And Commerce Guidance Agency(1946—1948)

The protracted anti-Japanese national war caused great losses and destruction.When the National Government's post-war demobilization efforts did not achieve the effect of"recovery",the outbreak of the civil war disrupted the pace of economic recovery.The industrial and commercial circles around the world are generally faced with various difficulties such as lack of raw materials,insufficient funds,financial turmoil,and poor sales.A large number of stores have closed and factories have shut down.After the war,the national monopoly capital used the unprecedented expansion of the anti-pseudo materials received by the national government,and the influx of American goods further squeezed the survival space of private enterprises,and the relationship between the government and national capitalists was gradually strained.In May 1946,Wang Yunwu,a non-Party person,served as the Minister of Economy as a "Social virtue",advertised the implementation of the policy of changing from the government to the national industry and commerce.At the end of the acceptance of the industrial and mining business in the recovery area under the responsibility of the Ministry of Economy,Wang proposed to the Executive Yuan to set up a business counseling office in each of several important industrial and commercial cities in Shanghai,Guangzhou,Hankou,Tianjin and Chongqing(later Shenyang).To guide and support private industrial and mining e-commerce career as a job.Various business counseling offices were established successively during the year.The Chongqing Municipal Industry and Commerce Guidance Agency of the Ministry of Economic Affairs is a marginalized role in the study of the economic history of the Republic of China,and has not yet seen any relevant specialized research.As an industrial and commercial administrative institution established by the Kuomintang in the late period of mainland rule,its work content and historical destiny provide us with a unique perspective for observing the changes in China's economic structure,the recovery and reconstruction of industry and commerce after the war.Although the institution was established after the outbreak of the civil war,its work content is not military-oriented,but mainly seeks to revitalize the industrial and commercial areas of the Kuomintang District,and coordinate the relationship between the government and the business community.But the absence of researchers has long concealed the true face of this institution for a long time.This article takes Chongqing Municipal Industry and Commerce Guidance Agency(1946-1948)as the research object,trying to make a diachronic investigation of the process from establishment to cancellation of the institution,and at the same time make a co-temporal exploration with the rapid changes of the industrial and commercial economy in the Southwest after the war.The background of the establishment of the Department reflects the complex situation of the national government's economic recovery and reconstruction from the victory of the Anti-Japanese War to the outbreak of the Civil War.By exploring the organization 's relationship network and the development of specific activities,it was in chaos to understand the private enterprises in the Southwest after the war.The difficult operating conditions in the current situation,as well as the introduction and implementation of some major economic policy measures under the various crises of the Kuomintang Central Government and the National Government that are about to fall,have great significance.During the operation of the Chongqing Municipal Industry and Commerce Guidance Agency,it was responsible for the investigation,adjustment,counseling,and assistance of private industry and commerce.It has done a lot of work in terms of capital turnover,equipment replenishment,raw material supply,marketing development,and restrictions on the import of competitive imported products.However,the drastically changing domestic situation did not give too much time to the area.When the Legislative Yuan reviewed the 1948 budget,it abolished the local business counselling offices.In the autumn and winter of this year,the industry and commerce guidance agency around the country ceased operations.At that time,with the military defeat of the Kuomintang and the overall crisis of the economy,it was of course difficult for the business counselling department to play a role.Since then,the economy of the Kuomintang District has completely fallen into a situation of "As water is deeper,so fire is hotter".The reason for this job is to use the Chongqing Municipal Industry and Commerce Guidance Agency as a prism,which seems to reflect the tortuous evolution of the economy in the period of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party's military game between the Kuomintang and the Southwest.Combining the changes of post-war Chongqing local society with the fate of the institution,and striving to achieve the unification of "Macro history" and "Micro history",through the perspective of the characters and events behind the institution,to further show the post-war Chongqing social changes in the region The true appearance and historical picture in.This article breaks through the previous "political-military" civil war perspective and returns to the historical scene,listing this marginal institution during the civil war for the first time in the topics discussed in historiography,so that it once again appears in the past historical facts and is re-recorded.And then try to break through the previous "central-marginal" dual opposition interpretation framework,explore the ups and downs of the regional economy in the change of central-regional relations,extend the research period of the economic history of the rear,and analyze the economic history of the late Nanjing National Government,the modern southwest Regional economic history and other studies have important value.