The United States Oil Foreign Policy To Latin America During World War Ⅱ

The Second World War was by far the largest and most influential war in the history of mankind.As an important strategic resource,oil played an incomparable role in World War Ⅱ and played an important role in the war.Before World War Ⅱ,the world’s largest oil producer was in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean,and during the war served as the largest oil supplier to the allies.Latin America is not only the "backyard" of the United States,but also an important trading partner of European countries.After taking office,the Roosevelt Administration adopted a "good-neighbor policy" towards Latin America,in contrast to the conciliate and changed the harsh interventionist style of previous administrations.After the outbreak of World War Ⅱ,the US government was worried about the invasion of the Axis powers,the United States has integrated Latin American nations into its hemispheric defense system to counter the axis threat.As one of the most closely related countries in the world,the United States has experienced a long period of forming its oil policy.The United States was the world’s largest oil producer and exporter before World War I,and there was no requirement for oil imports,so there was no clear and systematic oil policy during this period.It was not until after the war that the US government,concerned about the possible depletion of domestic oil,began to cooperate with the oil companies,actively seeking and controlling overseas oil production sites,and vying with Britain for world oil hegemony.During the World War Ⅱ,the United States became the largest oil supplier of the allied countries and was more sensitive to the oil resources,so it attached great importance to the oil resources of Latin America and formulated the corresponding oil foreign policy to ensure the oil supply security.Nationalist movements emerged in Latin America in the early 20 th century,with Mexico and Venezuela demanding oil reforms and clashing with American oil companies.In order to guarantee the security of energy supply and ensure the victory of World War Ⅱ,the US government insisted on the principle of "good-neighbor policy",refused to interfere in other countries’ internal affairs,and adopted a moderate,conciliation oil foreign policy towards Latin America.This period of oil foreign policy compared with the previous policy has made certain changes,but also has a succession and development.The United States government has worked hard to reconcile the two countries relations with oil companies,facilitating negotiations and making concessions to the oil nationalist movements of those countries,thereby stabilizing oil supplies to the allies in Latin America.The oil foreign policy of the United States is part of its Latin American foreign policy.Through these diplomatic activities,the United States has strengthened its political,economic and other control over Latin America,it also weakened the influence of Britain,Germany and other European countries in Latin America,thus fully integrating Latin America into its Sphere of influence after the war and maintaining its hegemony in Latin America,and became an important part of America’s post-war world oil hegemony.