Research On The Philosophy Of Marx's The Rhine Period

From the university period to the "Rheinland" period,Marx's worldview was objective idealism.He believed that there exists freedom and reason as spiritual entities in the world."Absolute freedom" and reason are the origin of the world.All things in the world must follow freedom and The principle of reason.Marx believed that "absolute freedom" was the "heart" of philosophy,and thus put forward an idealistic philosophical theory based on freedom and reason.Regarding the nature of philosophy,Marx proposed that philosophy is a true expression of "absolute freedom" and reason,and philosophy is a carrier for explaining freedom and reason in reality;philosophy is "the spiritual essence of one's own time",which embodies absolute freedom and The spirit of the times under the control of reason;freedom and reason are universal;therefore,philosophy is "the truth of all people" and has the essence of reflecting the people's universal will;philosophy is the "theoretical" activity of "conquering the world",which reflects The essence of "absolute freedom" and rationality's continuous expansion into the real world.Regarding philosophers,Marx proposed that philosophers are expressors of philosophical theories.They do not emerge from the ground.They are "products of their own times and their own people." They are "realized philosophical systems." "Spiritual bearers",that is,"the individual self-consciousness that represents the progress of the philosophical system".Regarding the practice of philosophy,Marx proposed that philosophy,because of its "conquering the world" nature,has a natural close relationship with the real world.It intervenes reality through theoretical activities and conducts theoretical criticism;the method of intervention is to use the essence of nature to criticize The essence of reality,starting from the "rationality of human relations" and "relying on reason",strives to reach the final result of "world philosophization" in the process of theoretical criticism.During the "Rheinland" period,Marx used this philosophy with a strong"conquering the world" consciousness to highly and profoundly criticize the country and other national factors such as press and publication,law,political system,and religion.Regarding the philosophy of news publishing,Marx pointed out that news publishing has a free nature and is a rational expression;news publishing embodies the universal will of the people and is the "mouthpiece" of the "people's spirit";free publication is a fair "third factor" ",Providing a platform for equal dialogue between the ruler and the people;with regard to the philosophy of law,Marx proposed that law is a universal and true expressor of the essence of things," a code is the Bible of people' freedom ";customary law is universal,It is "the law of the basic masses whohave nothing";the legislator can only "express the law" from the free nature of the law,not "invent the law".Regarding religion,Marx emphasized that religion is only an element within the country.Religion is never an expression of truth;compared with morality,religion is "the other law of the human spirit." Regarding the philosophy of the state,Marx believes that the state is a manifestation of absolute freedom and reason,and is a "rational public existence";the state represents the general interests of the people and is a "union of free people";the management of the state is determined by objective relations.The "Rheinland" period was the beginning of Marx's ideological transformation.In the process of criticizing reality,Marx encountered a conflict of reality.He saw the contradiction between material interests and absolute freedom and rational spirit.He saw the conflict of interests of the ruling class and the people under the hierarchical system.The state is not a "combination of free people" ",But a collection of private rights and interests controlled by a special level of interest.The fundamental conflict between universal theory and practical interests led Marx to shake the philosophical logic he held,and began to take the step of ideological transformation,that is,from focusing on the criticism of speculative theory to more emphasis on the analysis of material benefits of reality,from believing in absolute Freedom and rational turn pay more attention to the people.The transformation of Marx's philosophical thought during the period of the Rhine News has important historical significance.From the historical perspective of Marx's thought,this transformation has achieved four preparations,that is,preparations for turning to the materialist worldview and creation of a scientific outlook on practice.Preparations have made preparations for revealing the true relationship between civil society and the country,as well as preparations for a correct understanding of the dynamics of social development.