Literary Writing Of Academies In Southern Zhejiang In Song And Yuan Dynasties

Academy was an educational organization and academic research institution in ancient China.The literary writing of academies contained the activities and achievements of literary creation based on academies.In southern Zhejiang area,academies first appeared in Song Dynasty and ushered in the first prosperous period.At the beginning,the development of mushrooming academies in Yuan Dynasty is the continuation of it in Song Dynasty.The academies of Song and Yuan Dynasties were closely related,showing many similar characteristics in literary writing.Therefore,this paper took the literary writing of academies in southern Zhejiang as a whole from the following four aspects.First,this paper presented a general view of academies in southern Zhejiang in Song and Yuan Dynasties on the basis of consulting and sorting out materials.First of all,it analyzed the reasons for the rise,save,and abolishment of the Academy.Secondly,the related information of academies was intuitively displayed in the form of tables,so as to summarize the characteristics of the spatial and temporal distribution of the academies in southern Zhejiang and analyze the reasons.Finally,according to the different identities of the founders,the academies were divided into three categories: official support,family establishment and public self establishment,and the characteristics of the three types of academies were demonstrated through the analysis of the typical academies.Secondly,this paper classified the scholars in the academies of southern Zhejiang in Song and Yuan Dynasties into two groups: the passing scholars with strong mobility and the group of teachers and students with strong fixity.First of all,the author teased out the travelling and lecturing activities and general route in southern Zhejiang of Zhu Xi who was a passing scholar and had a great influence on academies in southern Zhejiang.Secondly,it analyzed the scale and types of activities of thegathering of scholars in the Academies.Finally,a case study was made on the scale and exchange of scholars in Meixi Academy in Wenzhou city.Thirdly,this paper divided the literary achievements of academies in southern Zhejiang into three parts: poetry,article,and academic writing.Among them,the poetries and articles of the academy described the landscape,architecture,culture,education of the academy,and recorded many experiences and understandings of scholars in the academy,such as their academic studies and making friends.Academy learning referred to the teaching handouts and writings of teachers,scholars,and Confucians,which belonged to the extensive literary writing of academy.The literary writing of scholars in academies was the result of their literary concept,which was influenced by academic thoughts.Through teaching handouts,writings and other materials,we could roughly recognize the teaching tendency and academic proposition in academies,which was helpful to better understand the literary writing of academies.Fourth,the literary writing of academies in the southern Zhejiang in Song and Yuan Dynasties reflected the writing tendency and academic prevailing of academies.As for the writing tendency,the poetries embodied the tendency of emphasizing rational factors,while the articles presented the tendency of stressing emotional factors.Referring to the academic prevailing,the schools of Zhu Zi,Yongjia and the traditional Confucianism were popular in the academies of southern Zhejiang,which rised in Song Dynasty.However,both the literary writing and the academic learning were influenced by Neo-Confucianism.The literary writing of academies had a positive impact on social education,local education and regional culture.