On The Influence Of Chinese Monastic Rules Of Zen Temples On The Zen Temple System Of Japan In The 12th And 13th Centuries

In the Song Dynasty,Buddhist exchanges between China and Japan reached another climax.As Japanese monks came to China for the pursuit of dharma and monks went to Japan for preaching dharma in the Song Dynasty,monastic rules of Zen temples spread to Japan with the eastward transmission of Zen.Eisai and Dogen,founders of Rinzai Sect and Soto Sect in Japan,played an important role in the eastward transmission of monastic rules of Zen temples from China to Japan during the Southern Song Dynasty.Therefore,through a comparison of ChanyuanQinggui and texts in related works of Eisai and Dogen,an analysis was conducted on their quotations and changes of Chanyuan-Qinggui,as well as underlying reasons,so as to explore the influence of monastic rules of Zen temples in the Song Dynasty represented by Chanyuan-Qinggui on the Zen temple system in Japan in the 12 th and 13 th centuries.In this paper,the discussion of this topic is mainly divided into four parts in addition to the introduction and conclusion.Chapter 1 is a brief introduction to monastic rules of Zen temples in the Song Dynasty in the 12 th and 13 th centuries.Monastic rules of Zen temples in the Song Dynasty were imitated and borrowed by Japanese Zen monks during that period.The introduction to monastic rules of Zen temples in the Song Dynasty lays a foundation for describing its influence on Eisai and Dogen and quotations from Chanyuan-Qinggui in their works respectively in the following sections.In Chapter 2,with Eisai as an example,his borrowings of Chanyuan-Qinggui were analyzed.The 4th section of this chapter analyzes the features of and reasons for Eisai's quotations from Chanyuan-Qinggui.On the basis of reasons analysis,this paper also points out factors restricting Eisai's quotations from Chanyuan-Qinggui and the relevant situation of Kennin-ji.In Chapter 3,with Dogen as an example,an analysis was conducted on the teaching and learning of Chanyuan-Qinggui in Japan in the first half of the 13 th century.First,quotations from Chanyuan-Qinggui in threes works of Dogen were analyzed,to find that his quotations are whole paragraphs extracted from Chanyuan-Qinggui.Afterwards,it was analyzed why Dogen quoted from Chanyuan-Qinggui,what changes he made to its relevant contents,as well as why he did not fully quote it.Chapter 4 mainly illustrates quotations from monastic rules and discipline of the Song Dynasty by Rinzai Sect and Soto Sect after Eisai and Dogen.As Chinese Zen monks went to Japan and new schools of Rinzai Sect were founded,Rinzai Sect further learned Chinese monastic rules of Zen temples.After Dogen,though Soto Sect was split and increasingly localized,monastic rules of Zen temples in the Song Dynasty were still inherited and developed by Soto Sect.This chapter serves as a simple sorting of Japanese Zen sects inheriting Chinese monastic rules of Zen temples after Eisai and Dogen.Through discussion in the above four chapters,it can be concluded that Chinese monastic rules of Zen temples represented by Chanyuan-Qinggui had a gradual influence on Japan.In the 12 th century,Japanese Zen monks with Eisai as a representative were only satisfied with a smattering of Chanyuan-Qinggui,so Chinese monastic rules of Zen temples represented by Chanyuan-Qinggui had a relatively limited influence on Japanese Zen temples during the period.In the 13 th century,Zen monks from China to Japan,with Dogen and Lanxi Daolong as representatives,further disseminated Chinese monastic rules of Zen temples to Japan,gradually expanding their influence in Japan.Nevertheless,despite the gradually expanding influence of Chinese monastic rules of Zen temples on Japanese Zen sects,Japanese Zen monks represented by Eisai and Dogen also supplemented and modified contents of Chanyuan-Qinggui while imitating and absorbing its contents,to better fit the national situation of Japan.