A Diachronic Study On The Presentation Patterns Of Chinese Evaluative Bigram-words Of Ren

Evaluative terms,which are ubiquitous in human language,refer to the words that can express our feelings and attitudes towards people,things,and actions to influence others' attitudes and behaviors.And Chinese evaluative bigram-words embody the soul and traditional culture of the Chinese nation.Previous studies on this kind of evaluative words mostly focus on their parts of speech,meanings and sentences,while the presentation pattern of evaluative words of Ren and the culture,consciousness and belief behind it are ignored.In view of this,this study takes three theories as the main analytical framework.Firstly,local grammar of evaluation is used to discuss the presentation patterns and their diachronic changes of Chinese evaluative bigram-words of Ren.Secondly,Chinese transitivity system theory is used to explain the specific experience processes contained in the presentation patterns and their diachronic changes.Thirdly,category theory is used to explore the types of category of main components within the presentation patterns as well as their diachronic changes.Based on the self-built corpus,through qualitative analysis,the results of this study are as follows:1)The presentation patterns of Chinese evaluative bigram-words of Ren in sentences have not changed significantly with time,which is basically consistent with internal logical structure of evaluative events.The typical pattern is “e.+ E.+ a.+ R.”.All other patterns are its variations.However,the specific components of the presentation patterns are influenced by historical culture,usage habits,values and other factors to a certain extent.2)Evaluative words have different presentation patterns due to their different parts of speech,but the experience processes contained in the presentation patterns of each part of speech have no significant diachronic changes.The presentation patterns of evaluative verbs mainly include “e.+ E.+ a.”,“e.+ E.+ a.+ R.”,and “e.+ E.+R.”,and the specific experience processes contained in them mainly include action process and mental process;The presentation patterns of evaluative adjectives are mainly “e.+ E.” and “e.+ E.+ A.” and the specific experience processes are mainly mental process and relational process;The presentation patterns of evaluative nouns are mainly “e.(E.)+ SD.” and “e.+ SD.(E.)”,whose specific experience process is action process.3)There are three main components inside the presentation pattern: evaluator,the evaluated and the affected.Their category types are “individual entity” and “group entity”,which is mainly affected by the reality of people-orientedness and the idea of native land emotion.However,there is no significant diachronic difference of the specific types of category of these two,which is mainly affected by people's long usage habits.In terms of “individual entity”,the changes of the three main components are mainly concentrated in the two categories of “names of persons” and“singular personal pronouns”;in terms of “group entity”,the changes of the evaluated and the affected are mainly reflected in the diachronic changes of “a certain class” and“a certain group”.Although there are some obvious diachronic changes in the specific components of “individual entity” and “group entity”,they are not statistically significant.The reasons for their changes are mainly influenced by identification of values,historical background,and the main themes of different times.This study has theoretical and practical significance.In theory,first of all,the study adopts a new theoretical perspective—local grammar of evaluation,based on which the specific presentation patterns of Chinese evaluative sentences can be presented as well as the field of Chinese evaluation has received much attention,and it breaks the phenomenon that researches of evaluation mostly use the appraisal theory.Secondly,unlike the transitivity theory put forward by Halliday,Chinese transitivity system theory is more suitable for Chinese,which lays a solid theoretical foundation for the smooth progress of the research.Thirdly,this study provides theoretical reference for other words,such as honorifics and terms of modesty.In practice,the results of this research can help improve translation teaching and facilitate students' in-depth study of the local grammar of evaluation and English-Chinese translation skills.