| Evaluative words have been the focus of linguistic research for a long time.Previous studies mainly focused on the evaluative meaning of evaluative words,while ignoring the descriptive meaning and the combination pattern of evaluative meaning and descriptive meaning.Ren is the core of Confucianism,most studies of which focused on the essence of Ren itself,paying little attention to the evaluative words of Ren.In view of this,this thesis focuses on the Chinese evaluative bigram-words of Ren to explore the distribution and combination patterns of their evaluative meaning and descriptive meaning and to answer the following questions:(1)How are the evaluative meanings and descriptive meanings of Chinese evaluative bigram-words of Ren distributed?(2)What combination patterns of the evaluative meaning and descriptive meaning of Chinese evaluative bigram-words of Ren may be discovered?In order to answer the above questions,first of all,based on the appraisal theory,the collected corpus is statistically analyzed to find the distribution of the attitude resources of evaluative meaning,that is,the distribution of affect,judgement and appreciation subsystems.Secondly,based on the classification of being,this thesis analyzes the descriptive meanings of words to find the distribution of entity being,dependent being and conceptual being.And based on these,this thesis extracts the combination patterns of the evaluative meanings and descriptive meanings,and thus draws the following conclusions:(1)There are three types of Chinese evaluative bigram-words of Ren,which are,words with one type of moral character,words with two types and words with more than two types.The words with one type of moral character can be divided into seven types,including filial piety,friendliness,earnestness and respect,loyalty,generosity,charity and consideration,and courteousness and graciousness.The words with two types of moral character also can be divided into seven types,including: friendliness+earnestness and respect,friendliness + charity and consideration,friendliness +courteousness and graciousness,friendliness + loyalty,friendliness + generosity,courteousness and graciousness + earnestness and respect,courteousness and graciousness + charity and consideration.The words with more than two types of moral character stand as one category alone.Through data analysis and statistics,it is found that the words expressing friendliness are the most common words in Chinese,and friendliness is also the moral character that goes with most of the other moral characters.(2)The evaluative meanings of attitude of Chinese evaluative bigram-words of Ren are mainly distributed in judgement resources and affect resources,and some words can express affect and judgement simultaneously.Among them,in the judgement resources,most of the words belong to propriety,and in the affect resources,most of the words belong to the un/happiness subsystem.The descriptive meanings of Chinese evaluative bigram-words of Ren mainly belong to the dependent being,most of which belong to the behavioral activity.(3)The words expressing judgement resources and affect resources are combined with all the three kinds of being of descriptive meaning,while the words expressing affect + judgement are only combined with the dependent being.And the judgement subsystem and the affect subsystem are mostly combined with the behavioral activity,followed by the combination with the property.This study has the following significance: theoretically,categorization of Chinese evaluative bigram-words of Ren can provide certain reference for the study of other moral characters.The study of the combination patterns of evaluative meaning and descriptive meaning are helpful to enrich the appraisal theory and deepen our understanding of the meaning of language evaluation.At the same time,it can also provide a certain paradigm for the study of other kinds of words,such as nicknames,aesthetic words and so on. |
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