Arrangement Consciousness In Ancient Calligraphy

There is a sense of “arrangement” in “traditional Chinese painting” and there is also a sense of “arrangement” in "calligraphy",and the “arrangement” consciousness of the ancients reflected in calligraphy is no less than that of “arrangement” in “painting”.Since the brewing of Chinese characters,the consciousness of “arrangement” has been accompanied by it,and the practice of “arrangement” in this kind of word creation has been summed up as “six books” by future generations.The establishment of the theory of “six Books” not only shows that the ancients had a high sense of arrangement of Chinese characters,but also a self-consciousness of the structure of Chinese characters.The consciousness of “Arrangement” makes Chinese characters evolve in the direction of “simplicity” and “Speed” in the stage of Ancient characters.At the current stage of writing,the arrangement consciousness gradually shifted from “seeking simplicity” and “seeking speed” to "seeking beauty",and after the availability of five kinds of calligraphy styles,the motive force of the evolution of Chinese characters gradually transformed into the internal driving force of the development of calligraphy.The arrangement consciousness around “calligraphy art” has also been formed."Thinking before writing" is a famous saying through ages,and the word "thinking" in it refers to "arrangement".Moreover,this kind of arrangement has two dimensions,one is the arrangement of calligraphy in form and quality,and the other is the arrangement and shaping of people's mood before writing.The arrangement consciousness in calligraphy also nurtures the technique of writing,structure,art of composition and method of the use of ink and water,which enrich the methods of calligraphy.The formation of characters and the "three creations and one plan" in the art of composition are the embodiment of calligraphy arrangement consciousness,and make the methods of calligraphy tend to be perfect.Confucianism and Taoism are the cornerstone of Chinese traditional culture,and the consciousness of calligraphy arrangement is also influenced by it to a great extent.The cultural ideology of ritual and music,which emphasizes order,rules and “cultural decoration” in Confucianism,guides calligraphy arrangement to “law” and “form”,and Confucian doctrine of the mean thought not only lays the tone of “neutralization as beauty” for calligraphy arrangement,Moreover,the methodology of “using middle” and “time middle” contained in the thought of the mean provides guidance for the practice of calligraphy arrangement.In the history of calligraphy,there are many calligraphers who are influenced by Confucianism and manage calligraphy to the extreme,the most typical of which is Yan Zhenqing,who is loyal and righteous in his works,and Liu Gongquan,who is upright in his works.Confucianism makes calligraphy art have traces of artificial polishing,showing a pursuit of orderliness,stylization and rules under artificial arrangement.However,the core idea of Taoism is "nature",which deconstructs and dispels the consciousness of artificial deliberate arrangement.The Taoist thought of "natural inaction" criticizes the artificial rule and decorative beauty in calligraphy respectively,showing a kind of esteem for individual spiritual freedom,which can be found in the calligraphy style of Wei and Jin dynasties.There are many calligraphers with typical Taoist colors in the history of calligraphy.Among these calligraphers,Zhang Xu,who is "fond of alcohol,open-minded with no worries",and Su Shi,who advocates that calligraphy should be "ruleless" and "unintentional",are the most typical.