Non-ecological Turn Of Traditional Agricultural Technology In Ming And Qing Dynasties

The direct driving force for the shift of traditional Chinese agricultural technology stems from the contradictory movement between technical purposes and technical means and related technical elements.Its technical activities are all affected and restricted by historical conditions and social context.Historical and social development needs are the external driving force for the independent evolution of traditional agricultural technology.Behind the Qing Dynasty 's population increase to 400 million,the per capita arable land continued to decrease,and a large number of disorderly-increasing populations became "shack dwellers".At the same time,during the Ming and Qing Dynasties,famine showed a shortened cycle and a deeper trend.It can be seen from this that,based on the social background of the Ming and Qing dynasties,the profound impact of the introduction of American crops as an inducing technology on ecological changes also reacts to humans,and the dissolution of "the unity of man and nature" becomes reasonable.Regarding the mechanism of traditional agricultural technology changes during the Ming and Qing Dynasties,its Chinese sentiment and political system,economic form,social structure,cultural concepts,and various factors interweave together to jointly advance its evolution.This article does not use a simple causal explanation such as "the introduction of American crops-farmer reclamation-ecological destruction",but believes that the negative effects of the introduction of American crops in the Ming and Qing dynasties cannot be attributed to population growth in general.Explore the internal and external driving forces of traditional agricultural technology turning with a dialectical and developing perspective.Therefore,through the historical investigation of the evolution of Chinese traditional agricultural technology,this study uses the introduction of American crops as a new technology element,analyzes the characteristics and motives of the transformation of traditional Chinese agricultural technology in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,and defines this feature as "non-ecological turn".Taking southern Anhui as a research area,we further explored the specific manifestations,effects,and mechanisms of change of this turn.Focusing on the research objectives,the main content of this article mainly includes the following four aspects: First,introduce the background and significance of the topic,briefly define the relevant concepts,and summarize the research status at home and abroad based on the research points.Secondly,according to the historical stages of traditional agriculture,the development context is built around the formation process of traditional agricultural technology,focusing on clarifying the technology shift and specific characteristics during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Thirdly,combined with the background of the times,from the perspective of technological philosophy to understand and analyze the transfer of traditional agricultural technology in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,and in a narrative reconstruction approach to explore the specific performance of American crops as a technical element in the change of traditional agricultural technology and explore this transformation Constraints and impacts.Finally,the results of the introduction of American crops on production,population,ecology and other aspects are revealed through quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis in connection with the theoretical achievements of social construction theory,demography,and technical ecology.Based on this,the overall characteristics and the changing mechanism of the non-ecological shift of traditional agricultural technology during the Ming and Qing Dynasties are summarized,and then the advantages and limitations of traditional agriculture in the technical system and farm-based thinking are elaborated.Inspiration.