The Role Of Indonesian Leaders On Domestic And Global Islamic Anti- Radicalism Decision Making (2004-2016)

Indonesia is a predominantly Muslim country with 225 million people or 87.5% of the population.The Muslim community in Indonesia also accounts for 12% of the world's Muslim population.Indonesia is not an Islamic state,but a secular state by recognizing six official religions-Islam,Christianity,Catholicism,Hinduism,Buddhism,and Confucianism.Indonesia also consists more than 300 ethnicities where the implementation of religious life in Indonesia became unique and experiencing cultural mixing.Indonesia is a part of the Organization of the Islamic Conference which signifies to establish relationships with Islamic countries in the world as a result of globalization.Globalization can bring good and bad effects for Indonesia regarding those that intersect with Islam.One of the positive side for Indonesia is that Indonesia is fighting for the independence of a Palestinian state and condemning Israeli atrocities.The downside of globalization is the emergence of radical Islamic groups in Indonesia influenced by global radicalism.Of course,this is a threat to a multicultural society where the Islam application became different from the Middle East.This radicalism movement initially emerged as a form of resistance against communism in Indonesia.Also,their opposition to the application of Pancasila as a single principle in politics.The issue is getting warmer considering that in 2017,there is a General Election of Governor for Jakarta Special Capital Region.There are religious,group and tribal issues in the campaign to drag the ex-governor,Basuki Tjahaja Purnama who is the second non-Muslim Jakarta governor and ethnic Chinese.In the case,blasphemy and causing radical groups to hold massive demonstrations over and over again and fear will be repeated back in the General Election of President and General Election of Regional Head in the future.The radical movement of this revolutionary movement,of course,was influenced by first organizational flows from the Middle East organizations like as ISIS and Al-Qaeda.The public also concerned that extremist groups are acting anarchist and selling religion as a means of achieving the group's goals,which are none other than chairs of office and wealth.Taking action against radical groups is necessary.The capacity of the President,bureaucracy,and societies should be long last to stem militant groups that would threaten the unity of Indonesia.To know foreign policy against radicalism is necessary to use individual levels analysis.This research aims to analyze “The role of Indonesian Leaders on Domestic and Global Islamic Radicalism decision making(2004-2016): “ what are the leaders influence on Domestic and Global Islamic Radicalism decision making? what are their interests on domestic Domestic and Global Islamic Radicalism decision making ?”The history of violence in Islam occurs about political issues,which then affects religion as a symbol.It is an irrefutable historical fact.Although the killing of the caliph had taken place when Caliph Umar came to power,a systematic and organized radicalism movement began only after the Tiffin War in the reign of Ali bin Abi Talib.It is marked by the emergence of a radical theological movement called "Khawarij." Etymologically,the word khawarij is derived from Arabic,i.e.,"kharaja" which means to exit,arise,arise,or rebel.From this sense,the word can also be interpreted as a group of Muslims or Muslims who come from the unity of Muslims.When discussing Islamic fundamentalism,it is often equated with its return as it was in the middle ages.Today,it is seen as radicalism,extremism,terrorism,and incompatibility with Western democratic systems.Islamic fundamentalism means religious and political movements that seek to return to the golden age of Prophet Muhammad and the Four Caliphs Guided by pure Islamic foundation.Therefore,Islamic fundamentalists as political activists try to reconstruct the Muslim community laid off by Western culture and neo-colonialism.Fundamentalists regard the Western countries,especially America and Israel,as their primary enemies.According to them,Western aggression,long-term colonization,and westernization resulted in the decline of Muslim society and political corruption.In the historical record of Islamist radicalism increasingly seen post-independence until post-reform,Since Kartosuwirjo led the 1950 s operation under the banner of Darul Islam(DI).A political movement in the name of religion,religious justification and so on.Historically,this movement was ultimately foiled,but later this movement reappeared during the Soeharto era,the radicalism movement of the Soeharto era appeared in part by military engineering or through intelligence through Ali Moertopo with Special Operations,there was also a State Intelligence Agency that engineered former members DI / TII,some of whom were recruited and then ordered to perform various actions such as Komando Jihad,in order to discredit Islam.Since the fall of Soeharto,there has been an era of democratization and times of freedom,thus indirectly facilitating some of these radical groups to appear more real,more militant and more vocal,coupled with media coverage,especially electronic media,so ultimately this movement more visible.Jokowi is reign,insisting on ISIS as a dangerous threat to Indonesia.Jokowi policy,in this case,was emphasized in a direction to the relevant institutions,on March 3,2015,in his direction Jokowi said radicalism is a global challenge,and ISIS is a new school of global radicalism movement.In gathering members of the alliance,Saudi Arabia invited various Islamic countries and some countries with a majority of the inhabitants of Islam to join.Some of the inviting countries are Pakistan,Malaysia,Nigeria,Turkey,Jordan and,among others,Indonesia.Some of the states will join and ready to support,Indonesian government subsequently stated their refusal and said it was not will join the military alliance.This refusal was conveyed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia who stated that the position of Indonesia is apparently not able to join.Because the cooperation proposed by Saudi Arabia is a cooperation of military alliances,while Indonesia's foreign policy principles do not permit following such an alliance.He then asserted that as long as the Republic of Indonesia did not follow this kind of military alliance,the military deployment carried out by Indonesia was only in the context of the UN Security Forces.Otherwise,it could not.Meanwhile,in the context of terrorism on Indonesian Government has its strategy in countering terrorism,which is useful and has been appreciated by various countries.In conclusion,Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Joko Widodo have interests related to the radical Islamic movement issue.Both have similarities in the political interest in the presidential election.However,these two figures have different ways of overcoming domestic political instability.SBY prefer to establish cooperation with Islamic parties that have the closeness with radical Islam and SBY is faced with abstention problems Indonesia in Iran's nuclear resolution that made the UN questioned the cause of Indonesia abstention.SBY's interest in getting votes from Islamic-based masses is the reason for Indonesia's abstention in Iran's nuclear stand-off along with it;radical Islamists are supporting SBY's step in abstaining Indonesia in Iran's nuclear resolution.While Joko Widodo is more aggressive against radical Islamic groups such as dissolving Hizb ut-Tahrir Indonesia which seeks to replace the ideology of Pancasila with Islamic ideology which is less suitable with Indonesian cultural diversity where Indonesia recognizes not only Islam but also Christian,Catholic,Hindu,Buddhist,and Confucianism.The case of intolerance perpetrated by radical Islam peaked when Joko Widodo government where Habib Rizieq,one of the provocateurs managed to mobilize the masses to raise the issue of religious defamation by Basuki Tjahaja Purnama,former Governor of Jakarta who was sentenced to 2 years in prison.Also,many hoax issues propagated by radical Islam to Joko Widodo.While Joko Widodo considers it incapable of relying on a pluralist or moderate Islam group where they are not well organized and have no broad social and political base.In essence between Joko Widodo and radical Islamic groups cannot be invited to cooperate and it can jeopardize the interests of Joko Widodo in the 2019 presidential election.