The Research On Club Movement Among Black Women In America (1892-1935)

Although the American Civil War abolished slavery in name,the whites made a comeback after the reconstruction.In the late of 19 th century and early of 20 th century,white racism further strengthen.Black people were constantly deprived of their right to vote,lynching flooded,racial violence rampanted,and racial segregation was becoming increasingly severe and spreading northward.Booker T.Washington andW.E.B.Dubois launched an early black movement,while a group of educated middle-class black women launched a club campaign on the basis of traditional sports to improve the living condition of black people and promote race.From the perspective of history,this paper studies the black women's club movement in America with the knowledge of women's studies,ethnology and sociology,in order to fully restore the important role of black women in the development of American history,and improve the understanding of black life in this stage.This paper investigates the black women's club movement in three parts:The first part is the introduction,which mainly introduces the reasons and significance of the topic selection,the interpretation of relevant concepts,the research status of scholars at home and abroad,and the research features and innovations of this paper.The second part is the mainbody of this paper,and contains four chapters.The chapter one expounds the background of the rise of black women's club movement.The rise of the black women's club movement is an "organized product".This paper discussed the motivation of the rise of the black women's club from three aspects about the basic situation of the blacks in the United States from the end of 19 th century to the beginning of 20 th century,the early black movement led by Booker T.Washington and W.E.B.Dubois,and the long tradition of self-help organization established by black women.In chapter two,three and four,this paper combs the development process of the club movement,describing it from three aspects of the rise,development and decline of the black women's club movement,and evaluate the club movement.Chapter two expounds the rise of the black women's club movement.It introduced the establishment of the National Association of Colored Women,the main activities of the club women,including the care of the elderly,improvement of medical and health care environment,the care and education of teenage children,the protection and training of women,and analyses the main characteristics of clubmovement on this stage.Chapter three expounds the development of the black women's club movement.This chapter introduces the activities and efforts of black club women,including the striving for women's suffrage the lynching legislation,etc.,and describes characteristics of the club movement,as well as summarizes the development and changes from two aspects of way and content.Chapter four discusses the gradual decline of the black women's club movement,and analyzes the significant influence on the black community and limitations of the club movement.The third part is the conclusion part.It summarizes the black women's club movement development process and its significant influence,and points out that there are vulnerable groups at the same time in our country with the rapid development of science and technology.Lessons need to be learned from their social reforms.