The Resetting Of Discourse Power And The Dilemma Of Constitutionalism In The End Of The Qing Dynasty

After the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898,the situation at home and abroad was volatility,and all kinds of figures appeared.From individual to thought,from thought to tide.The rate of change is unexpected.This paper begins with the thought background at the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries,and it enriches the "temporal power" proposed by Mr.Fei Xiaotong,and explains why there were frequent conflicts between various forces and why the constitutionalism is failure in the end of the Qing Dynasty by "temporal power".This paper's vein is also the author's vein of discovering and fixing problems.The part one,start with the background of the whole article——the rise of temporal power.And summarizes three important characteristics that different from the past ideological trend,in order to reflect the great significance of the rise of temporal power in the end of the Qing Dynasty.It is under this premise that the resetting of the discourse power occurred.Next,the discourse power is defined.It also points out the decline of the official discourse power and the rise of the discourse power of the opposition constitutionalists in the end of the Qing Dynasty.The resetting of the discourse power brought the constitution into a huge dilemma.The part two,construct context of the end of the Qing Dynasty through the reports in the new newspapers,such as The Globe Magazine,The Eastern Miscellany,Ta Kung Pao,the China Discussion,and so on.Next under this context,analyze reasons for the fall of the official discourse,that is the defeat in the Sino-Japanese War,the criticism of the revolutionaries and the distrust of the neutrals,the Qing Dynasty's failure of the control of public opinion,hope for the emperor's power is permanent and the Man-Han national conflicts.The part three,explains the constitution of the constitutionalism and analyze reasons for the predominance of the discourse power of the constitutionalists,that is the propaganda of the new newspapers and magazine,the moderation of the thought,the opportunity of the Russo-Japanese War.By contrast,the paper summarizes the development of constitutionalism and its characteristics,describes the direction of discourse power in the end of the Qing Dynasty.The part four,first of all,explain constituent power,and analyze under the historical background of the end of the Qing Dynasty,in order to reveal that the Qing government,as a discourse-inferior one,still had constituent power.In the end of the Qing Dynasty,discourse power was separated from constituent power,which resulted in the dilemma of the constitutionalism.The constitutionalism of the late Qing Dynasty was carried out in that domestic environment,but the failure was not doomed.But if Qing Dynasty wants to succeed it is more difficult.This paper analyzes the process of constitutionalism and Qing government from cooperation to separation,and takes the Imperial Constitution Outline as an example to emphasize and in order to emphasize that separation is the internal cause that the reform of the Qing government was thwarted and finally isolated and helpless.