Research On Efficient Algorithm For Solving Two-Dimensional Rectangular Pieces Problem

Under the premise of safeguarding justice,improving the efficiency of litigation has become one of the mainstream values in the field of criminal justice in various countries.Such as the "plea bargaining" system in the United States,the guilty plea system in Britain,the pre-court defence procedure in France,and the criminal consultation procedure in Germany,all of these legal systems are designed to reflect this mainstream value,and our country is no exception.In order to punish crimes in a timely and effective manner,maintain social stability,further implement the criminal policy of combining justice with leniency,strengthen judicial protection of human rights,promote the simplification of cases,optimize the allocation of judicial resources,save judicial costs,and achieve the unification of fairness and efficiency at a higher level.The Fourth Plenary Session of the 18 th CPC Central Committee proposed: "To improve the system of confession and punishment in criminal proceedings.On July 22,2016,the Central Leading Group for Comprehensive Reform and Reform reviewed and adopted the Pilot Plan for the System of Confessions of Confessions,Recognition and Punishment,and authorized the pilot work in 18 regions on September 3 of the same year.The first is to optimize the allocation of judicial resources in order to save judicial resources for minor crimes and simple cases,and to concentrate limited and high-quality judicial resources on the handling of difficult and complex cases.Ensuring the quality of cases and maintaining judicial authority;The second is to coordinate and coordinate the application of the expedited procedure,summary procedure and ordinary procedure,and achieve the purpose of reasonable diversion and simplification.Third,we can arouse the enthusiasm of criminals to confess guilt and accept punishment,and promote reconciliation between the prosecution and the defense.This will not only demonstrate full respect for the rights and interests of perpetrators,but also demonstrate the humane care of criminal proceedings in China.It can also allow the social relations destroyed by the perpetrators to be repaired in a timely manner,reduce social opposition,and allow the perpetrators to return to society as early as possible;Fourth,by encouraging and guiding the perpetrators to confess their own facts voluntarily,they can prevent the investigators from using illegal methods such as extorting confessions by torture to obtain the guilty confession of the perpetrators,promptly and promptly ascertain the facts of the crime,and effectively punish the crime.The two-year trial period of the leniency system is about to expire,but so far Chinahas not clearly stipulated the concepts of "guilty plea" and "acceptance and punishment" in law,nor has there been a unified standard for the scope of leniency.This leads to different views of the Judiciary on how to find guilty pleas and penalties.There are also differences in the outcome of cases with similar circumstances.Second,with the start of the judicial reform of the staffing system,only prosecutors who have entered posts can handle cases.Some of the prosecutors who were originally able to handle cases independently have not received posts and the number of assistant prosecutors is not available,resulting in a significant increase in the average caseload of prosecutors.There are many cases and few contradictions further highlighted.Specifically,the meaning of "confession" and "recognition and punishment" should be clearly defined in the legislation.At the same time,a clear distinction must be made between "confession and punishment" and "confession and non-recognition of punishment",so as to avoid the occurrence of criminal responsibility due to failure to distinguish.;The use of the government to purchase services to expand the capacity of the prosecution team to avoid the limited proportion of prosecutors in the system,which leads to increasing pressure on prosecutors to handle cases,deepening the number of cases and fewer contradictions;We need to divert cases,optimize the allocation of judicial resources,clarify the scope of cases,expand discretionary powers not to prosecute,so as to save judicial resources and reduce the burden of litigation on the parties involved in a case.This truly shows that guilty pleas and punishments can be lenient and penalties can be applied in an in-depth manner.Maximize the central role of the procuratorial organs in the pre-trial diversion of confession and punishment cases;We will establish a sound system of on-duty lawyers,expand the scope of legal aid,and provide compulsory legal assistance to perpetrators who voluntarily plead guilty and accept punishment.We will formulate guidelines on sentencing,standardize lenient sentences,formulate unified sentencing guidelines,further refine the sentencing recommendations of prosecutors,implement the criminal policy of combining leniency and severity,enhance the openness of sentencing,achieve balanced sentencing,and safeguard judicial authority.