A Comparison Of Delayed Discounts And Personality Characteristics Between Male Prisoners With Impulsive And Premeditated Aggressive Behavior

Objective Impulsiveness is an important personality trait of violent criminals,which affects their thinking and behavior decision-making.In 1991,Barratt divided aggressive behaviors into two categories,namely,impulsive aggressive behaviors and premeditated aggressive behaviors.The former refers to individuals who are in an irrational excited state and launch aggressive behaviors without control.Premeditated aggression,on the other hand,is the result of individuals controlling their behaviors.The difference between these two behaviors is related to the behavior pattern of individuals in inter-temporal decision making.Delay-discounting task is a widely used measurement paradigm of impulsive behavior.This paradigm requires the subjects to make a choice between "short-term small reward" and "long-term large reward",and infer the individual's decision-making pattern through the subjects' selection tendency.When the delay time is short,people prefer the larger reward,and as the delay time increases,the attraction of the reward will gradually decrease.Those who changed their preferences with a shorter delay were more impulsive than those who changed their preferences with a longer delay.High delay discounting is thought to be another form of impulsive behavior.Previous studies have shown that self-control is closely related to criminal behavior,and there is a two-way relationship between criminal behavior and delay discounting.A high delay discounting can significantly predict property crimes one to two years in the future,while violent crimes indicate a higher delay discounting rate one year later.At present,there are few domestic studies on impulsive and premeditatedaggression,mainly focusing on personality related characteristics,cognitive differences,etc.,and there is still a lack of research on the delay discount of two types of violent offenders.In this study,male violent criminals serving sentences were taken as the research objects,and the delayed discount and personality characteristics of impulsive and premeditated male prisoners were compared to explore the correlation between them.The purpose of this study is to better understand the differences in decision-making patterns and personality characteristics of two types of male violent crimes,so as to provide a psychological basis for the classified correction of violent criminals through appropriate evaluation and effective early intervention.At the same time,the author hopes to find out the predictors related to aggressive behaviors through research,so as to identify aggressive behaviors in the early stage and intervene in time with the power of all aspects of society,so as to actively prevent the occurrence of crimes.Methods Before the study,the main researchers were trained regularly,and the relevant test guidelines were unified.With the assistance of the prison police,the male violent prisoners with aggressive behavior were sampled in groups.The subjects were tested by Self-made General Situation Questionnaire,Chinese Version of Impulsive / Premeditated Aggression Scale(IPAS),NEO Five-Factor Inventory(NEO-FFI),Delay Discount Task(DDT),Using the test results of the Chinese Version of Impulsive / Premeditated Aggression Scale,the violent offenders with aggressive behavior were divided into impulsive group and premeditated group.The test data were input into SPSS 17.0 software.The personality characteristics and delayed discount rates of the two groups were compared,and the correlation between delayed discount rate and personality characteristics was analyzed.A total of 120 subjects were tested in this study.Some of the questionnaires were incomplete or the answers were random.Finally,the effective participants were90,including 51 in impulsive group and 39 in premeditatedgroup.Results(1)In the delayed discount task,the delay discount rate(k)of the impulsive group(0.0278±0.0555)was significantly higher than that of the premeditated group(0.0042±0.0078).The difference was statistically significant(t=3.004,P=0.004).(2)The agreeableness(35.84±4.076)and conscientiousness(37.04±4.829)of the impulsive group were lower than that of the premeditated group(38.46±5.529,42.31±5.957),and the difference was statistically significant(t=-2.587,P=0.011;t=-4.634,P<0.01).(3)Correlation analysis showed that k was not significantly correlated with all dimensions of the big five personality(P>0.05).Conclusion Compared with male premeditated aggressive violence offenders,male impulsive aggressive violence offenders have a faster tendency of delayed discount,and in Big Five personality tests,they are less agreeable and responsible.