The Security Challenges Of South Sudan In State Building

The security challenges the South Sudan has faced in nation building were enormous among them are the issues of political unpredictability,economic loss,societal fragmentation,power struggle among the ruling elites and the involvement of external actors on the divergent of the country into the bitter civil wars,conflicts and the wide spread uncertainty after the secession the startedsurfs of violence and coercions before fresh wars vented.Immediately in the year 2011,The Country has never practiced political permanency rather than moved from one crisis to extra,theSPLM led regime has not shapedsatisfactory atmosphere for political processes in the country rather than engaged in a subtle insecurities and unending and unavoidable conflicts among the tribes in South Sudan.The security challenges the country has faced were of a redundancy of its geography,natural resources,social decent variety and political foundation as one brought together and tied with that of the former colony Sudan,the organizations in South Sudan are absolutely excessively powerless and immature to the degree that it can’t take on its Westphalia rights and too ignorance to an interest in worldwide undertakings.Constantly 2011,the country innate absence of managerial structures and foundations together with gathering political and social glue that could hold the nation together,the inheritance of the consistent progressive wars and national control by the nation’s decision elites saw awful and life-changing entomb ethnic shared clashes the country over,the outer on-screen characters profoundly engaged with partitioning the country and put the decision strategies,setting one ethnic gathering against the other or peaceful networks against others with the outcome that networks were energized and politically minimized particularly the individuals who did not bolster the outfitted freedom battle by the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement.The South Sudan government has such a large number of ungoverned spaces and local armies to the degree that the legislature has no authentic security offices that ensure security consequently multiplication of little arms and light weapons together with ungoverned spaces inside,the military in South Sudan penetrates all parts of individuals’ lives as it’s the key political entertainer.The Sudan People’s Liberation Movement(SPLM)government did not make a change from a freedom development and government to a regular citizen routine without appropriate and practical state organs of administration.The military rules governmental issues with regular citizen structures neglected or nonexistence.The power battle that have anticipated ethnic dimensions and caused weakness inside have securitized different segments,for example,common assets,condition,vitality and involvement of wrongdoing as criminals composed posses participate in exchange over the national outskirts with set up gatherings with political spurs over war economy.The impact has been interminable instability at network level state army exercises together with armed force abandonments have confused security segment rendering it flimsy and unusual.The involvement of external interest encompass and perceived suitable and concealed political agenda to change the regime of ruling elites,incite the ethnic groups,and gave endless sanctions for the country to suffer severe economic problems not the bare lowest acceptable position of ruling elites as it might not be in fulfilment of their national interests,the US viewed the uncertainty in South Sudan as a “blessing in disguise” beneath which a moral authority was pulledin towards injection of accumulation of policy errors seen to lead to non-functional institutions of governance and slow transformation towards nation building.The research questions of this thesis are how the internal ethnic conflict and power struggle contributes to the security challenges that South Sudan has faced in nation-building? and how external actors(US)involvement intertwined with and accelerated internal unrest?.Chapter one covers the acronyms,abstract,research questions,main argument,research methodology,significance of study,proposal of the thesis,hypothesis,intended academic breakthrough and literature review.Chaptertwoexplainthe background of security challenges in South Sudan,the restriction of social structure fragmentation,the negative impacts of external actors and the US’ involvement.The social structure fragmentation in South Sudan has an existing state structures that are subjective which failed to diagnose the values of prevailing social structures South Sudanese prepared themselves to stay in circles typically along ethnic traces characterized by way of mutual historical past and lineage,culture,language and social geographical states.once in a while these social similarly fragmented alongside bloodlines,often as patrimonial in the form of clans or sub-clans.A nation born into a social structure as described above was bound to have enormous challenges imitating a mutualdistinctiveness,external actors focused on intervention in South Sudan given the opportunity and interests due to its new emergence and flexibility of government,Other the nuer and the dinka groups can be influenced and their demands,positions are shaped,redesigned by help of allied external actors and their perceived interests,heavy intervention of external actors in South Sudan’s security challenges and conflict has prolonged the insecurity though attributed to its inadequate political control over state affairs or weak control over territorial integrity.The United States has sanctioned three government hard-liners as well as a close business associate of president Salva Kiir.The administration imposed a unilateral arms embargo,followed by a restriction on transactions with fifteen South Sudanese oilrelated entities as South Sudan has been alleged poses threat to US foreign policy and national security.Chapter threefocuses on the ethnic conflict and power struggle in South Sudan,conflict between ethnic groups and the power struggle among the ruling elites;Theupsurge of inter-ethnic tensions in South Sudan have caused the increased used and ownership of small hearth hands and mild weapons which can be use by way of armed militias for raiding cattle farm and robbing civilians inside the villages mainly via the armed and unauthorized teens,who felt that they were not afforded for an equitable and truthful possibilities to get admission to offerings commonly provided by using the decentralized and centralized authorities.,The party political forum failed to resolve leadership differences;the conflict spilled into the public domain.The ruling elites for have failed to set up an economy,political road map,democracy,rule of law,poor governance system and lack of institutions reforms,corruption and embezzlement of public funds by groups of organized elites,tribalism,nepotism,abuse of power are what has led to political strife and before the December 2013 crisis,there was tribal based conflicts and active rebellions across the country,this insecurity had further exacerbated the prevalent dire economic situation.Chapter four undertake over turn power balance of different ethnic groups and making the power struggle intense inside the ruling elites in the government;The power is accessed and being used by the ethnicloyalties;the political spoils and resultant economic benefits do not really accrue to the majority of the ethnic populationsoften such benefits are reserved for the upper and sub-tier elite.The rivalry between President Salva Kiir and his vice president Dr.Riek Machar intensified dated back after the death of former SPLM leader John Garang in a 2005 helicopter crash that propelled president Salva Kiir to the leadership The researcher found out from the remembers of SPLM that there were intense resistance to Machar’s decision to run,particularly from Kiir’s inner circle,made up of his clan of Dinka tribesmen.They had not forgotten the 1991 split,which triggered violence that included the massacre of hundreds of Dinka by Nuer soldiers,which human rights activists and SPLM officials have linked to Machar.Chapter five categorizes the contributions in the formulation of the conclusions,recommendations,bibiliography and acknowledgement.As to conclude this thesis has found out that SPLM failed and lost legitimacy in South Sudan governance as a ruling party throughout its era due to its letdowns to resolve the social fragmentations among the ethnic groups and not paying much attention into addressing national goals leading to persistent insecurities,poverty,corruption,tribalism,rebellion,underdevelopment and eventually national instability.The external actors have not resolved the continuous security challenges but further deepening their interests in domestic affairs,the cumulative effects have been the security challenges in all aspects of the social order in South Sudan and cycle of insecurity in the whole country.As to recommend,The security challenges of nation building in South Sudan will only be achieved by strengthening the institutions and having permanent constitution that guided national policies to achieve both goals,objectives and overcome all kind of national challenges.