The Origin,Development And Status Quo Of The Sudan Peopie's Liberation Movement/Army-North

Sudan People's Liberation Movement –North(SPLM-N)consists of two rebel groups operating in Nuba Mountain region of South kordofan state and southern Blue Nile state.It is currently the main armed opposition in Sudan.In the 1980 s,the indigenous peoples of the two regions joined the Sudan people's liberation movement(SPLM),a rebel movement in southern Sudan,as its northern branch because of their long history of marginalization and unequal treatment.After south Sudan became independent in 2011,the two armed forces,which had greatly improved their weaponry and combat capability,chose to stay in Sudan.In the same year,a new round of conflict broke out between the two armed groups and the Sudanese government,which later officially changed its name to the SPLM-N.Since then,the two sides of the conflict repeatedly failed to negotiate,into a conflict-negotiation cycle.To this day,the conflict between SPLM-N and the government continues,and the internal division of the former in early 2017 has made the prospect of negotiations with the government even more uncertain.This paper intends to make a preliminary study on the SPLM-N,and try to analyze the historical background of the emergence of the organization,the cause and progress of the renewed conflict with the government and its current situation.In addition to the introduction,this paper consists of four parts.The first part mainly analyzes and explains the origin of Sudan People's Liberation Movement-northern branch,the predecessor of SPLM-N,from three aspects: land disputes,political marginalization and cultural differences.The second part combs the two development stages of Sudan People's Liberation Movement-northern branch.In the first stage,through military confrontation with the government,it finally laid its foundation in the Nuba mountain region and Southern Blue Nile state,and formed a stalemate with the government forces.The second phase was the signing of a fruitful document,the Comprehensive Peace Agreement(CPA),with the government of the Sudan,but the attempt to resolve the issues peacefully with the government during the prescribed transitional period failed,and the political activity originally intended to achieve peace turned into violent confrontation;The third part describes how the two sides return to war from peace at the end of the transition period,and the efforts of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-northern branch and the Sudanese government to restore peace since the resumption of the civil war;The fourth part discusses the current situation of SPLM-N.First,the SPLM-N is divided due to the differences of internal interest demands.Second,the negotiations between SPLM-N and the government.Peace talks between SPLM-N and the government have stalled,with no breakthrough on disarmament,political negotiations or humanitarian arrangements.Whether to disarm or not is the crux of the dilemma.The SPLM-N wants legal status and political rights,but wants to keep its army as a guarantee.The government,for its part,cannot agree that there is a countervailing force at home.In short,the confrontation between SPLM-N and the government will continue in the short term.The solution of this problem also requires the two sides to strengthen confidence-building measures.