Study On The Supply Of Local Public Service Under The Background Of Population Flow

China's unique fiscal decentralization model and institutional barriers to population mobility are quite different from the research hypothesis under the traditional theoretical analysis framework.Therefore,western public goods theory and public choice theory do not fully adapt to China's national conditions.The existence of Tiebout's "vote with feet" mechanism in China and the conclusion of residents,'move for public service" under this analytical framework are questioned to a certain extent.Based on the literature review and theoretical hypothesis,this paper puts the particularity of fiscal decentralization and population flow model into the Tiebout analysis framework,starting with the three essential attributes of local public service:locality,incomplete exclusiveness and local non-competitiveness.This paper studies the supply of local public services and its impact on population mobility under the background of fiscal decentralization model of "centralization of income and decentralization of expenditure" and institutional obstacles to population mobility.The main body of this paper is divided into two parts.In the first part,based on the local characteristics of local public services,the principal component analysis(PCA)method is used to measure the supply level of core local public services in China on the basis of collecting sub-index data as fully as possible.At the same time,the distorted allocation of local public goods resources under the division of intergovernmental financial relations and public interests is analyzed.The second part,based on the local non-competitive and incomplete exclusive characteristics,matches the micro-data of the "National Floating Population Dynamic Monitoring Survey" with the characteristic data of urban public services,and uses the ordered Probit model to study the impact of urban local public service supply on population mobility decision-making.The main conclusions of this paper include four aspects.(1)At the level of local public service supply,the government of the cities where the population flows has not fully incorporated the public service needs of the migrant population into the formulation and implementation of public policies.The reason lies in that,on the one hand,the current arrangement of intergovernmental financial relations easily leads to the mismatch between local public service authority and expenditure responsibility,and the lower-level local governments with limited financial resources bear heavy responsibility for public service expenditure;on the other hand,the current allocation pattern of financial resources tends to be static,which is not compatible with the social attributes of high population mobility in China,leading to population inflow to the opposite places.For the local government,it means more about the burden of public expenditure than about incentives.(2)Local public services have become another important factor affecting the decision-making of population mobility in China besides income factors.Population "mobility for public services" is clearly present in China.(3)Under the existing supply level,if the inflow of population does not increase the supply of local public services synchronously,the institutional barriers to the floating population's access to some public services will be eliminated directly,resulting in the congestion effect of public resources,which will greatly weaken the attractiveness of local public services to population mobility.(4)Under the background of the current unequal basic public services in cities,local public services still have a significant positive impact on population mobility,but the degree of impact has been significantly weakened.Therefore,this paper puts forward four policy recommendations:(1)Speeding up the reform and improvement of intergovernmental financial relations,establishing a dynamic allocation mechanism of financial resources corresponding to the social attributes of high population mobility;(2)Further clarifying the financial powers of central and local governments at all levels,and rationally dividing expenditure responsibilities;(3)To break the division of public interests and achieve common development,we need to speed up and improve the fiscal and taxation system.Reform is the core of the "rich first,then rich" mechanism;(4)Fully understand the role of local public services in the process of population mobility and urbanization,and accelerate the equalization of basic public services.