Legal Issues Of Unmanned Ships Liability Insurance

With the continuous maturity of technology,the process of commercialization of unmanned ships is accelerating,and the introduction of unmanned ships into the field of marine transportation will definitely generate corresponding maritime risks and responsibilities.Liability for collisions and damage to the marine environment often encountered by traditional ships.Unmanned ships also have the possibility of generating these liabilities.At the same time,the salient features of unmanned ships also bring new challenges.The close relationship between navigation safety and the changes in manning of ships may have an impact on ship liability and insurance liability.Unmanned ship liability insurance has a guarantee and promotion role in the development and promotion of unmanned ship technology,and it is urgent to study the legal issues of unmanned ship liability insurance.In addition to the introduction and conclusion,this article is divided into the following three parts,which are discussed in four chapters:The first part is the overview of this article,which is the first chapter of this article.It mainly explains the definition and legal status of the unmanned ship involved in the article,clarifies the current stage of development of the unmanned ship,and summarizes the unmanned ship accordingly.The need for unmanned ship liability insurance in market operations provides a basis for discussing the legal issues of unmanned ship liability insurance below.The second part is the second and third chapters of this article,which discuss the internal legal relationship of unmanned ship liability insurance together.The second chapter mainly expounds the insured of unmanned ship liability insurance and its main obligations.Under the unmanned ship liability insurance,the legal status of traditional entities such as owners,operators,and managers of unmanned ships as insureds of unmanned ship liability insurance will not receive a serious impact;shore-based operators are whether can become an independent liability entity of unmanned ship responsibility or whether it can be a qualified insured needs further analysis.With the joining of unmanned ships,the obligations of the insured under unmanned ship liability insurance also need to be adjusted accordingly.The third chapter mainly expounds the cyber security risks under the unmanned ship liability insurance.The operation of unmanned ships is highly dependent on information network technology,cybersecurity attacks are expected to expose unmanned ships to new liability risks,which is obviously incompatible with the existing liability insurance system.It is necessary to conduct new research on the cybersecurity liability insurance of unmanned ships.This chapter will analyze several insurance models that may be adopted for cybersecurity liability risk of unmanned ships and possible difficulties,and makes recommendations for improving the cyber security liability insurance of unmanned ships.The third part is the fourth chapter of this article,which discusses the external legal relationship of unmanned ship liability insurance,that is,the legal relationship between the insurer and a third party under unmanned ship liability insurance,including insurer’s right of subrogation to system supplier and third party’s right of direct action to the insurer.Under unmanned ship liability insurance,the relationship between the insurer and a third party best reflects the value orientation of the unmanned ship liability insurance system and the balance of interests between the parties.In order to protect the interests of the uninsured ship liability insurer,giving the insurer the subrogation right to the system supplier can effectively balance the liability risk of the insurer.For the purpose of the liability insurance and the protection of the interests of potential third parties,it is necessary to legislate to give a third party the right to claim directly from the uninsured ship liability insurer and to directly sue in his own name.