A Study On The Development Of Care For Children Aged 0?3 In Yunnan Province

The infancy of an individual is a period of vulnerability.Individuals during infant period completely require the care from others.Notably the care and education in this period will cause essential influence to the entire life of individuals.In addition,as children are also the hope of the nation and the important human resource in the future,the child care business is associated with not only the improvement of the livelihood,aging and sub-replacement fertility,but also the long-term plan of sustainable development of the economy and society in China.However,with the kernelization of family structure,the increase of female employment participation rate,the high cost of child-rearing and the transformation of inter-generational care patterns,the pressure of caring for children who between 0 and 3 years old is no longer only the inner problem among families,but has become an increasingly obvious social phenomenon.In response to the family's expectation of socialized resources for the care for children aged 0?3,China has put the issue of the child care on the policy agenda in recent years and made the realization of " child rearing " as the focus of improving people's livelihood.Currently the child welfare system in Yunnan province mainly aims at disabled children,vagrant children,rural left-behind children and other special groups of children,and seldom involves the supply of universal and general care resources for children aged 0?3.For Yunnan province,the promotion of the care for children aged 0?3 can help children get adequate and high-quality care at an early stage,relieve the pressure of family care,help women achieve the balance between work and family,and in the long run,enhance the quality of regional population,improve the fertility rate,and optimize the population structure,add population vitality to regional economic growth.This paper firstly presented the background of this selected topic and the significance of research,so as to illustrate the merit of the research selected topic.Simultaneously the paper systematically reviewed the research literature referred to the care for children aged 0?3 by domestic and foreign scholars,to state the related concepts and multiple theoretical basis on the care for children aged 0?3,including the life cycle theory,Heckman Curve,the national responsibility theory,the gender equality theory of Marxism and social investment theory.Secondly,the paper indicates the significance of developing the care for children aged 0?3 in Yunnan province at the three levels of individual,family and provincial level,and analyzes the current situation of the care for children aged 0?3 from the perspectives of time,fund and service.Thirdly,given the analysis of child care policy objectives and institutional arrangements of the three countries with different welfare models,namely Sweden,Japan and America,the paper figures out the trend of international development of the care for children aged 0?3.Lastly,this paper synthesized the positive experience from the three countries as well as combine the local practice and reality in Yunnan,in order to come up with the feasible policy proposals about the care for children aged 0?3 in Yunnan province.In order to further solve the existing problem in the field of caring for children aged 0?3 in Yunnan province and give play to the role of the infant care system in promoting the sustainable development of individuals,families and Yunnan province,this paper puts forward the following policy proposals: developing a policy concept of investing in children with an eye on the future,regard children as an important human capital for the future development of a region;to empower families,improving policies that promote harmony within families,giving women the flexibility to use maternity leave,extending paternity leave for fathers,and establishing a flexible working time system;to empower children's development,regulating early education and increasing resources investment for early education;to establish a diversified infant care service system and improve the standardization and specialization of the system;to improve the medical security system for infants and young children,alleviating the difficulty and high cost of medical care for children and improving their nutritional and health conditions.