The Development Of Merton's Theory On Scientific Norm

The founder of the Sociology of Science Robert King Merton is the earliest scholars to conduct the research and elaborate on the norms of science.He is a pioneer in the field of the Norm of Science.Merton,in the 1940 s,proposed the concept of "the ethos of science”.It described four basic norms of Science and provided a conceptual framework and an important theoretical basis for the development of Social Science research.As the establishment,development and mature of the Sociology of Science of Merton,a relatively stable scientific community which took Merton as core,took his students as corpus was gradually formed,namely Merton school.In order to meet the scientific and social development puts forward new requirements for science norm,and respond to other scholars to the questioning and criticism of the science norm,On the basis of Inheriting,Merton school puts forward science norm to carry on to explain,revise,enrich and expand to science norm theory of Merton,to get a development.Paper first briefly introduced Merton and Merton school,analyzed the theoretical background and social background of Science Norm.And it introduced the main contents of Universalism,Communism,Disinterestedness,Organized Skepticism,these four basic contents of science norm proposed by Merton.On this basis,from the transition of the social background,scientific research paradigm shift and the transformation of science and technology and social relations these three angles,this paper analyzed the development background of Science Norm of Merton;It Combed the interpretation,modification,enrichment and extension about Science Norm,which made by mainly members of Merton school,such as Barber,Stoller,Hagstrom,Ziman and Mitroff;From the inheritance,modification and extension,and compared with the new specification three Angle analysis,the paper summarizes the development features of of Science Norm of Merton.On this basis,this paper analyses the critique of the theoretical basis of the norms of Science of Merton.It summarized in four aspects with questioning and criticism from the critics to the norms of Science of Merton,about its " independence ","effectiveness"," professional ideology "," the promotion the scientific development function";also it summarized that how the members of the Merton School specifically responded to those critics;it pointed out that the norms of science of Merton needs to be analysed and corrected from mainly three aspects: from making changes at the requirement at different stages of scientific activities,changing the scientific production patterns and the objective influence of cultural context of science.