Policy Study Of OECD Countries' Extending Mandatory Retirement Age

With the continuous improvement of the life expectancy and declination of fertility rates,the OECD countries' population structure was changed significantly,aging phenomenon is widespread since the 1970s.in 2015,people aged over 65 years occupied the average of 16.34%of the total population,by 2050 the share will increase to more than 20%in 35 members.Aging with lesser children not only affect the quantity of labor supply and internal structure,but also constantly add the social endowment burden.83%of the member's elderly dependency ratio accounts for more than 20%,the rising of social total dependency ratio brought heavy financial sustainability challenges to public pension system.Compared with the OECD countries,the situation of aging population in our country is not only heavy,but also difficult,including the characteristics of high speed,old-age,heavy base and regional differences.It is important to note that our country entered the aging society under the imperfection of social wealth accumulation and pension system,so the condition of response is very weak."Silver wave" not only brought burden explosion on fiscal expenditure and laborer endowment,but also increasingly challenged the social stability.In this background,as one tool of forerunner reform,extending the mandatory retirement age has become the common consensus at home and abroad.OECD countries has adjust the policies of mandatory retirement age in 2014,the average mandatory retirement age in OECD countries is 64.62 years for male and 63.88 years for female,70%of the members have achieved retiring ignorance the gender differences.Based on the perspective of policy making,this paper occupied Lindblom' incremental decision theory to OECD countries'policy practice of delaying mandatory retirement age.although different country took the different mode and path of the policy,there still shows some same characteristics:firstly,following the principle of gradual delay,setting a buffer period to making and carrying out the policy,usually keeping a slow small step of several months a year;Secondly,all subject of power corpus participating in the making of policy by trading and gaming,including the government,political parties,corporations,trade unions and the public.However,Chinese current mandatory retirement age is still following the system regulation set in 1970s,which was far behind of the development of time.So,how to gradually extending the mandatory retirement age on the basis of social stability is particularly important.This paper argues that we can draw lessons and learn experiences from the policy practice of OECD countries:firstly,creating a sound institutional environment,perfecting the policy adjustment tool and propaganda mechanism to seek the balance among the interests of all parties;Secondly,carrying out the pilot reform work in the first adjustment stage,regulating the behavior of early retirement and establishing a retirement incentive mechanism;Finally,abiding the principle of gradualism in fully implementing stage,choosing the "first male after female" or "female quick male slow" way to gradually realizing the target of retiring ignorance the gender differences,evaluating and tracking timely to ensure the dynamic sustainable of policy.