The Influence Of Unilateral Below-Elbow Amputee On Basic Human Movements

Objective: Though unilateral below-elbow amputees' walking,running and landing to explore the relationship of the kinematics,dynamics and neuromodulation,and aimed to find the influence of missing upper extremity on movement mechanisms and compensation.Tried to provide theoretical and practical for the unilateral below-elbow amputees to improve training method and performance.Methods:Eight unilateral below-elbow amputee athletes and eight able-bodied athletes,the subjects walks or runs on the force platform with a velocity of 1.3±0.2m/s and 4±0.2m/s,and jump from the stairs of 30 cm.Using Qualisys,Kistler force platform and EMG signal analysis system to collect the kinematics,kinetics and iEMG signals data synchronously,capture the iEMG signals data of spinae,rectus abdominis,gluteus medius,gluteus medius,rectus femoris,lateral biceps femoris,tibialis anterior,gastrocnemius Results:(1)Walking:In the walking process,the torsion amplitude of the torso with the absence of the experimental group was significantly greater than that of the sound side in the support process;at the time of support start and end of the swing,the dorsiflexion angle of the sacroiliac joint in the missing side of the experimental group was significantly smaller than that of the sound side,and the hip joint extension angle at the end of the support was significantly less than the control group;swing start,the missing side of the ankle joint ankle angle was significantly smaller than the sound side,during the swing phase of the missing side of the ankle joint varus was significantly smaller than the sound side.No significant difference in kinetic parameters.During the swing phase,the integrated electromyographic values of the missing lateral gluteus medius and biceps femoris muscles were significantly higher than those of the healthy side.The integrated electromyographic values of the erector spinae were also significantly higher than that of the healthy side.During the support period,The value of the biceps femoris is significantly higher than the sound side.(2)During the running,the torsion angle of amputation side of the experimental group in the support process was also significantly greater than that of the torso of the contralateral and control groups.The speed of the missing side-arm was significantly greater than that of the healthy side and the control group.The support group was absent from the experimental group.The flexion angle was significantly smaller than that of the healthy side.The adduction angle of the hip joint was greater than that of the healthy side and the control group.During the support period,the absent side of the hip joint was significantly larger than the healthy side and the control group.In the running movement,the vertical force,the peak value of the horizontal force and the support time of the missing side of the experimental group were significantly higher than that of the sound side;During the support period,the electromyographic value of the missing lateral gluteal muscle was significantly higher than that of the healthy side,and the integrated electromyographic value of the missing rectus femoris muscle was also significantly higher than that of the control group.(3)In the landing action,the experimental group lacked side ankle flexion and extension angle,hip joint expansion angle and hip joint rotation angle were significantly smaller than the sound side.The minimum of the anteroposterior and lateral force of the experimental group foot was significantly lower than that of the control group.During the landing,the integrated electromyographic values of the lateral gluteus medius muscle,rectus abdominis muscle,and tibialis anterior muscle were significantly higher than those of the healthy side within 50 ms before landing.The integrated electromyographic value of the gastrocnemius muscle was significantly lower than that of the sound side;within 50 ms after the landing,Integral EMG of tibialis anterior muscle of missing side was significantly higher than the healthy side.Conclusion: Loss of unilateral forearm can have a significant effect on human motion.During walking and running,the experimental group will through 1)increase the torso angle of the amputation side;2)the lower limbs of missing side need to recruit more muscle fibers for flexion and extension and abduction(femoral biceps,rectus femoris,gluteus medius)to control hip abduction and adduction angles;3)increase the arm speed of the missing side,To maintain the stability of the movement.The missing sides in running will cushion large vertical ground impact forces by increasing touchdown time.During the landing action,the core muscles(rectus abdominis)and lower limb muscle groups with more missing sides are used to control trunk flexion,lower extremity abduction,and flexion,compensating for imbalances on both sides,and buffering generated landing impact force of front—rear directions and left — right directions.