Study On The Influence Of Object Perception Features On The Presupposition Ability Of Preschool Children

Scientific thinking ability is the core of scientific learning.The ability of scientific thinking includes the ability to form hypotheses,test hypothesis and evaluate evidence.It is assumed that hypothesis formation and testing ability is an ability that is independent from intelligence but higher than it.It is an important thinking tool for solving any complex problem.The content of this study is the law of the development of hypothetical ability of preschool children.The question material is taken from the knowledge points related to the physical world in preschool science education.The study uses children's toys in daily life as experimental materials.This paper innovate the experimental tasks and the usage of tools used in children's scientific thinking research;it focuses on children's self-inquiry activities in causal reasoning tasks.Close attention was paid on the perceptual features of objects and the dynamic effects of children's prior knowledge and changes in immediate evidence on children's hypothesis formation.Based on the above facts,the Blicket research paradigm was creatively improved,the building blocks and music boxes were set up,and 246 children aged 4-6 years were tested with individual experiments.This study consisted of three experiments with simple interpretation conditions and complex interpretation conditions.The simple interpretation condition experiment uses 3*2*2mixed experiment design.The independent variables include the grades of the subjects(3 levels: small class,medium class,large class),topological properties(2levels: holes,no holes)and the color of building blocks(2 levels: Red,wood color).The subject grade is the inter-test factor,the topological nature and the color of the building block are the factors within the subject.The dependent variable is the type of hypothesis and verification tendency formed by the subject.The dependent variable is the number of people of the corresponding hypothetical type formed by the subject and the number of people who choose to confirm or falsify.The hypothetical type includes the building blocks with holes to make the music box sing and the red building blocks make the music box sing(see experimental procedure).The verification tendency includes confirming the tendency and the falsification tendency.Complex interpretation conditions experiment increases the shape of an independent building block(2 levels: cuboid,cylinder).The dependent variable is the type of hypothesis that the subject forms.There are two complex interpretation conditions experiments: the simple cause level and the joint cause level.The simple reason horizontal experiment hypothesis type includes blocks with holes,red blocks and cuboid blocks that allow the music box to sing.The joint cause level experiment hypothesis types include red bricks with holes,rectangular bricks with holes,and red rectangular wood for the music box to sing.In the complex interpretation experiment,a total of 163 participants were tested,among which 34 were in small class,35 were in middle class,and 31 were in large class.There were 10 small classes in the joint cause level experiment,22 in the middle class and 31 in the large class.The research results are as follows:(1)The result of simple explanation condition experiment shows: Age has no significant impact on children's hypothesis formation.The topological properties of objects have an impact on children's hypothesis formation,and children have topological preferences in the formation of hypotheses.Children of different ages are more inclined to verify their own assumptions than to falsify.(2)Complex interpretation conditions Simple level experimental results support the conclusion of simple interpretation of conditional experiments.In the self-exploration causality activity,when the child's existing experience(a priori knowledge)is in conflict with the current evidence,the child's existing experience(a priori knowledge)has an important influence on the child's hypothesis formation.(3)The results of the combined interpretation of complex interpretation conditions combined with the results of the first two experiments prove that:Considering the causal reasoning in different conditions,the number and complexity of object perception features affect children's hypothesis formation.Based on the above research results,the author made suggestions on how to cultivate preschool children's hypothesis ability,and provided theoretical support for hypothesis testing ability and scientific thinking ability research.